Cited by 635Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder

Open access

Imel, Zac E., Laska, Kevin, Jakupcak, Matthew, Simpson, Tracy L.·2013·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0031474PMC PMC3893277

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Many patients drop out of treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); some clinicians believe that trauma-focused treatments increase dropout. METHOD: We conducted a meta-analysis of dropout among active treatments in clinical trials for PTSD (42 studies; 17 direct comparisons). RESULTS: The average dropout rate was 18%, but it varied significantly across studies. Group modality and greater number of sessions, but not trauma focus, predicted increased dropout. When the meta-analysis was restricted to direct comparisons of active treatments, there were no differences in dropout. Differences in trauma focus between treatments in the same study did not predict dropout. However, trauma-focused treatments resulted in higher dropout compared with present-centered therapy (PCT), a treatment originally designed as a control but now listed as a research-supported intervention for PTSD. CONCLUSION: Dropout varies between active interventions for PTSD across studies, but variability is primarily driven by differences between studies. There do not appear to be systematic differences across active interventions when they are directly compared in the same study. The degree of clinical attention placed on the traumatic event does not appear to be a primary cause of dropout from active treatments. However, comparisons of PCT may be an exception to this general pattern, perhaps because of a restriction of variability in trauma focus among comparisons of active treatments. More research is needed comparing trauma-focused interventions to trauma-avoidant treatments such as PCT.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0031474

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis
Viechtbauer, W., & Cheung, M. W.-L. (2010) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.11 · Cited by 2,949
Twelve-Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629 · Cited by 2,695 · cited 1×
“Only 56% of PTSD patients who received some treatment in the community received a minimally adequate dose of psychotherapy (defined as at least eight 30-min sessions; Wang et al., 2005).”
Background
A Multidimensional Meta-Analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD
Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.214 · Cited by 1,938
Effective Treatments for PTSD
Freeman, A. M. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n1112 · Cited by 1,667

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 76 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Schnurr PP Friedman MJ Lavori PW Hsieh FY Design of VA Cooperative Study #420: Group treatment of PTSD Controlled Clinical Trials 2001 22 74 88 11165426
Schnurr PP Friedman MJ Engel CC Foa EB Shea MT Chow BK Resick PA Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women Journal of the American Medical Association 2007 297 8 820 830 17327524

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 635

Characteristics of United States Military Personnel and Veterans Who Complete Mindfulness Training
Liu, B., & Rice, V. J. B. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60483-1_3 · Cited by 4
Written Exposure Therapy as Step One in Reducing the Burden of PTSD: The Composite Cases of "Alex," "Bruno," and "Charles"
Austern, D. J. (2017) · Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy · doi:10.14713/pcsp.v13i2.2003 · Cited by 4
Perspectives on Integrating Trusted Other Feedback in Therapy for Veterans with PTSD
Evans, H. I., Deeter, C. R., Zhou, J., Do, K., Sherrill, A. M., & Arriaga, R. I. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517513 · Cited by 4
High-intensity interval training in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Schoofs, N., Pieper, A., Meyer, K., Herrmann, S., Jäger, A., Wülfing, F., Grummt, M., Wolfarth, B., Ströhle, A., & Priebe, K. (2024) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100579 · Cited by 4
Transcending: A Pragmatic, Open-Label Feasibility Study of a Minority-Stress-Based CBT Group Intervention for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Emerging Adults
Hatchard, T., Levitt, E. E., Mutschler, C., Easterbrook, B., Nicholson, A. A., Boyd, J. E., Hewitt, J., Marcus, N. L., Tissera, T., Mawson, M., et al. (2024) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.04.005 · Cited by 7
Evocation of positive memories as complement to trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy for intimate partner violence against women
Crespo, M., Hernández-Lloreda, M. J., Hornillos, C., Miguel-Álvaro, A., Sánchez‐Ferrer, S., & Antón, A. A. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2419699 · Cited by 7
Trauma web-based psychoeducational programme: systematic cultural adaptation and protocol for a feasibility-acceptability study
Primasari, I., Hoeboer, C. M., Sijbrandij, M., & Olff, M. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2426338 · Cited by 5
Neuroscience-based relational art therapy and deep brain reorienting in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder
Gerge, A., Rudstam, G., & Söndergaard, H. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1454483 · Cited by 6
On being a client with posttraumatic stress disorder: Interactions with treatment providers and institutional barriers
Tilstra-Ferrell, E. L., Russin, S. E., & Weinandy, J. T. G. (2020) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22359 · Cited by 5
Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy versus internet-based modified present-centered therapy for world trade center responders and survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial
Brinkman, H. R., Kowalchyk, M. L., Cahn, L., Aaronson, C. J., Böttche, M., Presseau, C., Markowitz, J. C., Litz, B. T., Huckins, L. M., Yehuda, R., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Trials · doi:10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20212843 · Cited by 4
Predictors of PTSD Treatment Retention and Response: A Systematic Review
Maglione, M., Chen, C., Franco, M., Gizaw, M., Shahidinia, N., Baxi, S. M., & Hempel, S. (2022) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr4191 · Cited by 4
Emotional freedom technique versus written exposure therapy versus waiting list for post-traumatic stress disorder: protocol for a randomised clinical MRI study
Choi, Y., Kim, Y., Choi, S.-Y., Choi, Y. E., Kwon, O., Kwon, D.-H., Lee, S.-H., Cho, S., & Kim, H. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070389 · Cited by 5
An Overview of Written Exposure Therapy: A Brief Treatment for PTSD
Sloan, D. M., & Marx, B. P. (2024) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20240214-01 · Cited by 4
Attrition in Interpersonal Psychotherapy Among Women With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Following Sexual Assault
Proença, C. R., Markowitz, J. C., Prado, E. A., Braga, R. F., Coimbra, B. M., Mello, T. F., Maciel, M. R., Pupo, M. C., Póvoa, J., Mello, A. F., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02120 · Cited by 4
Investigating predictors of trauma induced data-driven processing and its impact on attention bias and free recall
Corrigan, J., Hanna, D., & Dyer, K. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246582000048x · Cited by 5
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Goetter, E. M., LeBlanc, N. J., & Marques, L. M. (2023) · Current clinical psychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29368-9_8 · Cited by 4
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Kinzie, J. D. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.27051-7 · Cited by 4
Feasibility and acceptability of written exposure therapy group in a virtual outpatient setting
Horwitz, A. G., McCarthy, K., & Abelson, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23175 · Cited by 3
A Framework for Estimating Posttreatment Moderation of Treatment-by-Dosage Effects in Individual-Patient Meta-Analysis: An Illustration Using Project Harmony
Morgan‐López, A. A., Blakey, S. M., West, S. G., Fitzpatrick, S., Norman, S. B., Killeen, T. K., Back, S. E., Saavedra, L. M., Kline, A. C., López‐Castro, T., et al. (2025) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026251351276 · Cited by 4
Novel psychedelic interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder and their promise for precision medicine
Dodds, C., Dawson, R. L., Lim, A., Tye, S. J., & Nasrallah, F. A. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253251396255 · Cited by 4
Virtual reality eye movements are not inferior to computerized eye movements and exposure in ameliorating aversive memories
IJdema, T., Laceulle, O. M., Dibbets, P., & Korrelboom, K. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100311 · Cited by 3
Case report: Intensive online trauma treatment combining prolonged exposure and EMDR 2.0 in a patient with severe and chronic PTSD
Matthijssen, S. J. M. A., & Menses, S. D. F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1370358 · Cited by 3
Dropout from trauma-focused treatment for PTSD in a naturalistic setting
Semmlinger, V., Takano, K., Wolkenstein, L., Krüger-Gottschalk, A., Kuck, S., Dyer, A., Pittig, A., Alpers, G. W., & Ehring, T. W. (2025) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.14491 · Cited by 4
Intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of PTSD: An Overview of Massed Outpatient Treatment Programs
Hendriks, L., de Kleine, R. A., Hendriks, G., & van Minnen, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_123-1 · Cited by 3
Examination of racial differences in a posttraumatic stress disorder group therapy program for veterans.
Coleman, J. A., Lynch, J., Ingram, K. M., Sheerin, C. M., Rappaport, L. M., & Trapp, S. K. (2018) · Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/gdn0000086 · Cited by 3
A comparison of completion and recovery rates between first‐line protocol‐based cognitive behavioural therapy and non‐manualized relational therapies within a UK psychological service
Leonidaki, V., & Constantinou, M. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2669 · Cited by 3
Trust, inflammatory biomarkers and adversity: a novel investigation and clinical implications
Chouliara, Z., & Barlow, P. G. (2022) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2022.2039899 · Cited by 3
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of online cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
Ghiasi, H., Askarirostami, F., Bakhtiari, M., & Hasanvandi, S. (2022) · Medical Science · doi:10.54905/disssi/v26i122/ms119e2012 · Cited by 3
Tuning Relationships With Music™: An Intervention for Parents With an Interpersonal Trauma History and Their Adolescents
Colegrove, V. M., Havighurst, S. S., & Kehoe, C. E. (2019) · Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia · doi:10.59158/001c.71243 · Cited by 3
The impact of substance use on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and treatment discontinuation
Stevenson, B. L., Lee, J. Y., Oslin, D. W., Polusny, M. A., & Kehle‐Forbes, S. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23002 · Cited by 3
Associations between transdiagnostic traits of psychopathology and hybrid posttraumatic stress disorder factors in a trauma‐exposed community sample
Sprunger, J. G., Girard, J. M., & Chard, K. M. (2024) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23023 · Cited by 4
Hitting the Rewind Button: Imagining Analogue Trauma Memories in Reverse Reduces Distressing Intrusions
Rattel, J. A., Danböck, S. K., Miedl, S. F., Liedlgruber, M., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10488-8 · Cited by 4
A novel prolonged exposure therapy protocol for improving therapy session attendance and PTSD symptoms among adults receiving buprenorphine or methadone treatment
Peck, K. R., Giannini, J., Badger, G. J., Cole, R., & Sigmon, S. C. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112507 · Cited by 3
Present- and trauma-focused cognitive–behavioral conjoint therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A case study.
Pukay‐Martin, N. D., Torbit, L. A., Landy, M. S. H., Macdonald, A., & Monson, C. M. (2017) · Couple and Family Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000071 · Cited by 3
Primary care community engagement – delivery of an enhanced and brief homogeneous group TF-CBT intervention for trauma from a single-incident road traffic accident: a case study
Skilbeck, L., & Spanton, C. (2020) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1017/s1754470x20000227 · Cited by 3
The Tern Programme Study protocol for an implementation trial of a flexible, long-term psychosocial intervention for complex posttraumatic stress in young people
Dunn, B. J., Keane, C. A., & Paterson, J. L. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1988479 · Cited by 3
Attentional bias in veterans with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder before and after internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy – An eye-tracking investigation
Kuester, A., Niemeyer, H., Schumacher, S., Engel, S., Spies, J., Weiß, D., Muschalla, B., Burchert, S., Tamm, S., Weidmann, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.03.003 · Cited by 3
Generation of fundamental soliton in the presence of initial linear chirp
Kaczmarek, T. (2004) · Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu · Cited by 3
Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen
Michael, T., Sopp, R., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54909-4_6 · Cited by 3
Complex Trauma Care Pathway: Results of a 12-Month Pilot
Bourke, J. B., Dobrovolny, J., Eaton, M., Ferrante, T., & Smith, M. V. (2021) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/20.147 · Cited by 3
Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Wortmann, J. H., Larson, J. L., Lubin, R. E., Jordan, A., & Litz, B. T. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00267-6 · Cited by 3
Ecological Momentary Assessments of Trauma-Related Intrusive Memories: Potential Clinical UtilityPreprint
Pollmann, Y., Clancy, K. J., Devignes, Q., Ren, B., Kaufman, M. L., & Rosso, I. M. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.24307377 · Cited by 3
Study protocol for a single-blind, parallel-group, randomized, controlled superiority trial of intensive versus weekly delivered prolonged exposure for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder
Bragesjö, M., Fina, B. A., Ivanova, E. N., Ivanov, V. Z., & Rück, C. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08218-2 · Cited by 2
Adjunct psychomotor trauma exposure in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a case series
Guépin, C., Duhem, S., Gaud, N., Warembourg, F., Vaïva, G., & Leroy, A. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2480889 · Cited by 2
Exploring study dropout in drug trials for adults with PTSD: insights from a conventional and individual participant data meta-analysis
Wright, S. L., Kessler, A. S., Sijbrandij, M., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P. J., Bisson, J. I., Brady, K. T., Dowd, S. M., Dunlop, B. W., Pollack, M. H., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2504839 · Cited by 2
Impact of an interoception intervention on posttraumatic stress disorder in military service members: The role of the acceptance of internal sensations
Kearns, N. T., Trachik, B. J., & Smith, A. R. (2025) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23189 · Cited by 2
A Multi-Site Observational Evaluation of the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association Model of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Veteran Trauma Survivors
Kowalski, H. M., Buiten, H. V., Hopkins, P. D., Baldwin, C., Nazarenko, E., & Marchand, W. R. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22101557 · Cited by 4
Narrative exposure therapy in early intervention in psychosis services (NETp): protocol of a multi-site feasibility randomised controlled trial study
Fornells‐Ambrojo, M., Plaistow, J., Hardy, A., Martin, P., Lyons, N., Khan, Z., Mberi, A., Morris, T., & Johnson, S. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-121914 · Cited by 2
Introduction
Sloan, D. M. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.03.007 · Cited by 2
Effect of patient characteristics on posttraumatic stress disorder treatment retention among veterans: A systematic review
Maglione, M., Chen, C., Franco, M., Gizaw, M., Shahidinia, N., Baxi, S. M., & Hempel, S. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22757 · Cited by 2
Realizing the power of thought and innate mental health:two overlooked ingredients for resolving traumatic memories
Kelley, T. M., & Manning, K. (2022) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2022.2080031 · Cited by 2
The Effectiveness and Tolerability of an Intensive Outpatient Trauma Treatment Program for Adolescents With PTSD
Tijsseling, I., Noordende, A. T. V. ‘., Zijlstra, B. J. H., Merbis, M. A. E., & van Veen, S. C. (2024) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/emdr-2023-0051 · Cited by 2
Written Exposure Therapy Integrated with Cognitive Behavioral Skills for Alcohol Misuse: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Recent Sexual Assault Survivors
Hahn, C. K., Tilstra-Ferrell, E. L., Salim, S. R., Marx, B. P., Ennis, N., Brady, K., Rothbaum, B. O., Saladin, M. E., Gilmore, A. K., Moreland, A. D., et al. (2025) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.12.005 · Cited by 2
Choice, voice and collaboration: using preference accommodation and feedback in trauma therapy
Mahon, D. (2021) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-06-2021-0032 · Cited by 3
Effectiveness of a Group Psychoeducational Course for Adult Interpersonal Trauma Survivors in Scotland
Wilson, K., Power, K., Graham, L., Reid, L. M., Duncan, K. A., & Shand, S. (2021) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2021.2013379 · Cited by 2
An Integrative Model for Endophenotypes Relevant to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Detailed Methodology for Inescapable Tail Shock Stress (IS) and Juvenile Social Exploration (JSE)
Andersen, N. D., Sterrett, J. D., Costanza-Chavez, G. W., Zambrano, C. A., Baratta, M. V., Frank, M. G., Maier, S. F., & Lowry, C. A. (2023) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_7 · Cited by 3
Stopping the Nightmare: An Analysis of Focusing Oriented Dream Imagery Therapy For Trauma Survivors with Repetitive Nightmares
Ellis, L. (2015) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 2
Preventing Dropout in Research, Assessment and Treatment with Refugees - a guidelinePreprint
Semmlinger, V., & Ehring, T. W. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nukv3 · Cited by 2
Quetiapine Augmentation of Cognitive Processing Therapy in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Design and Methodology of a Pilot StudyPreprint
Baig, M. R., Wilson, J. L., Beck, R. D., Lemmer, J. A., Meraj, A., Hernandez, A., Meyer, E. C., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., & Roache, J. D. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-812267/v1 · Cited by 2
In Rape-Trauma PTSD, Patient Characteristics Indicate Which Trauma-Focused Treatment They are Most Likely to CompletePreprint
Keefe, J. R., Stirman, S. W., Cohen, Z. D., DeRubeis, R. J., Smith, B. N., & Resick, P. A. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pq9m6 · Cited by 3
Trauma-focused Group Music and Imagery with Women Suffering from PTSD or CPTSD: A Randomized Controlled Study
Rudstam, G. (2023) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · doi:10.54337/aau611841551 · Cited by 4
Factors Associated with Treatment Completion of a Community-Based Intervention for Maternal Ptsd and Parenting for Mothers Involved in Child Welfare Family Preservation ServicesPreprint
Wortham, W. K., Ancharski, K., Sullivan, K. S., Kaplan, D., Timmer, S. G., Cloître, M., Chemtob, C. M., & Lindsey, M. A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4803720 · Cited by 2
Long-Term Course of PTSD and Depression Among Adults, Mediating and Moderating Factors in Recovery, and Current Trends for Treatment
Goenjian, A. K., Steinberg, A. M., & Pynoos, R. S. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108877992.008 · Cited by 1
The impact of mind–body therapies on the mental health of women victims of violence: A meta-analysis
Koroglu, S., & Durat, G. (2024) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-024-01484-8 · Cited by 9
The challenges and recommendations for conducting trauma-focused online psychotherapy in Malaysia
Lian, A. E. Z., Mathialagan, S., & Bono, S. A. (2024) · Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/21507686.2024.2391284 · Cited by 1
Integration of a smartphone app with posttraumatic stress disorder treatment for frontline workers: a pilot study
Deady, M., Collins, D., Azevedo, S., Stech, E. P., Harrison, A., Broomfield, C., Yadav, S., Gayed, A., Harvey, S. B., & Bryant, R. A. (2024) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530.2024.2399112 · Cited by 2
Characterizing PTSD symptom profiles in special forces operators and support personnel: Justification for a Precision Medicine Approach
Trachik, B. J., Ganulin, M. L., Dretsch, M. N., Merrill, J. C., Neff, R., Caserta, R. J., Deagle, E. A., Hoge, C. W., & Adler, A. B. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116204 · Cited by 1
Implementing group therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder within a primary care setting: A pilot study
Zona, K., Huang, H. Y., & Spottswood, M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100856 · Cited by 2
Culturally Considerate Trauma-Focused Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment in Latine/x Populations: A Scoping Review
Delgado, A. K., Holliday, R. P., Maguen, S., & Holder, N. D. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13050469 · Cited by 2
Toward a definition of treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Al-Shamali, H. F., Meshkat, S., Janssen‐Aguilar, R., Uthayakumar, H., Burback, L., Winkler, O., Zhang, Y., Greenshaw, A. J., Enns, M. W., Nicholson, A. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health · doi:10.3138/jmvfh-2025-0015 · Cited by 1
Outcomes from a posttraumatic growth-oriented program among veterans: A quasi-experimental retrospective study
Renner-Wilms, S., Corlett, C. E., Hood, A., Scheffrahn, K., Tedeschi, R. G., Moore, B. A., Greene, T. C., Kinman, J., & Elkins, G. R. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120234 · Cited by 1
Qualitative Examination of the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Considerations for Implementation of Massed Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD Into Outpatient Clinics
Roberge, E. M., Bennett, D. C., & Weinstein, H. R. (2025) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2025.09.004 · Cited by 1
Multisite randomised controlled trial of a novel dialogical therapy in comparison to treatment as usual in adults with distressing and persistent auditory hallucinations: study protocol for the Talking With Voices (TWV-II) trial
Longden, E., Bell, V., Joyce, E., Bowe, S. E., Branitsky, A., Corstens, D., Dudley, R. E. J., Emsley, R., Freeman, D. H., Glen, C., et al. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09018-y · Cited by 1
Telehealth‐Delivered Cognitive Processing Therapy for Earthquake Survivors in Türkiye: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Acar, B., Moring, J. C., Kurt, G., Orsel, S., & Acartürk, C. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70176 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Prolonged Exposure Therapy on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Adults Maintained on Medications for Opioid Use Disorder
Giannini, J., Badger, G. J., Cole, R., & Peck, K. R. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70199 · Cited by 1
Attention training interventions for PTSD in bereaved Chinese parents who have lost their only child: A randomized controlled trial with behavioral and neuroimaging data
Eli, B., Xiao, F., Liu, X., Nijat, M., & Liu, Z.-K. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100655 · Cited by 1
Why was the treatment discontinued? Reasons for attrition in evidence-based trauma-focused treatments
Glad, K. A., Ekroll, V. B., Egeland, K. M., & Bækkelund, H. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2555044 · Cited by 1
Parenting-STAIR Modular: a randomized controlled trial of a trauma-focused parenting intervention for military-connected mothers and their children
Sullivan, K. S., Angelotti, G., Zhang, F., Kim, S., Wortham, W. K., Lindsey, M. A., Jaccard, J. J., Cloître, M., Timmer, S. G., Linkh, D. J., et al. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09369-6 · Cited by 2
Depression-related moderators of treatment outcomes in a clinical trial for service members with comorbid PTSD and MDD
Kline, A. C., Crocker, L. D., Otis, N. P., Glassman, L. H., Hunt, W. M., & Walter, K. H. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2025.100567 · Cited by 1
Refining a Single Session Thinking Approach for Trauma-Affected Families: A Delphi Study
Cloud, Z. C. G., Welsh, E. T., Hepworth, D., McIntosh, J. E., & Barrington, N. (2026) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10591-026-09776-0 · Cited by 1
Psychotherapy dropout: a bibliometric analysis
Zhang, L., Swift, J. K., Wan, Y., Hu, J.-W., Zhang, X., Sun, X., Zhang, X., & Hou, Y. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08690-2 · Cited by 1
Ericksonian hypnotherapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder
Çınaroğlu, M., Ülker, S. V., Yılmazer, E., Ahlatcıoğlu, E. N., & Sayar, G. H. (2026) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2026.2640622 · Cited by 1
The STRONG STAR adverse events monitoring program for psychological health clinical trials
Peterson, A. L., Roache, J. D., Brundige, A. R., & Young‐McCaughan, S. (2026) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2026.108302 · Cited by 1
Field Notes From Inner Space: Global Psychedelic Survey Participants Report Health Benefits, Personal Growth, and Life Transformations
Robinson, J., Wallace, N., Cassidy, E. K., Lake, S., & Lucas, P. (2026) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/00914509261444382 · Cited by 1
Cultural development and validation of a group-based Somatic Experiencing® intervention for Indonesian women survivors of sexual assault with PTSD symptoms: a mixed-methods study
Ayudia, L., Purba, F. D., Samuels, A., & Iskandarsyah, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1751747 · Cited by 1
Efficacy of a Digital Nonattachment-Based Intervention for Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Tremblay, L., Gordon, W. V., & Elander, J. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02872-0 · Cited by 1
Graduated exposure to traumatic events decreases distress during prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Buccellato, K. H., Brown, H. N., Price, W. A., Straud, C. L., Blount, T. H., Foa, E. B., Brown, L. A., McLean, C. P., Schobitz, R. P., DeBeer, B. B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-026-00666-2 · Cited by 1
A pilot study of the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of sequential TF-CBT and EMDR online group therapy for adult women with histories of childhood sexual abuse
Molero-Zafra, M., Hernández-Jiménez, M. J., Fernández‐García, O., & Pérez‐Marín, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1872104 · Cited by 1
Therapeutic potential of propranolol in central nervous system disorders
Zhao, J.-N., Zhang, H., Jing-yu, Y., Yin, Y., & Zhang, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1752025 · Cited by 2
Trauma focused CBT or EMDR? Choosing a trauma-focused therapy and avoiding dropout in an NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression service
Lohawala, N., McNulty, N., El-Ghaly, H., Leckstein, C., Baker, A., Ghani, M., O’Driscoll, M., Hendy, A. S., & Howells, S. (2026) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x26100737 · Cited by 1
Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Adults with PTSD
Harik, J. M., Hamblen, J. L., Norman, S. B., & Schnurr, P. P. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0020 · Cited by 1
An emotion regulation-focused theoretical framework for co-occurring nicotine addiction and PTSD: Comments on existing treatments and future directions
Chou, C., Herbst, E. D., Cloître, M., & Tsoh, J. Y. (2018) · Cogent Medicine · doi:10.1080/2331205x.2018.1558731 · Cited by 1
Mild TBI and Co-Occurring PTSD Symptoms in Service Member Populations
Wolf, J., Mielke, J. B., & Wolf, J. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22436-3_13 · Cited by 3
Trauma and Children
Grove, D. R., Greene, G. J., & Lee, M. Y. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190059408.003.0012 · Cited by 1
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Patients at an Anxiety Clinic in Puerto Rico
Torres-Valentín, M. L., Martínez, K., & Martínez‐Taboas, A. (2021) · Revista Caribeña de Psicología · doi:10.37226/rcp.v5i1.5527 · Cited by 1
Traumatic Stress as a Treatment Priority: Its Prevalence and Impact on Children’s Mental Health Services
Saifan, D., Kataoka, S., & Chorpita, B. F. (2021) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2021.1940581 · Cited by 1
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
de Haan, A., Perrin, S. G., Smith, P. A., & Yule, W. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00094-7 · Cited by 1
Treatment Outcome among Early Adolescents Two Decades Post-Earthquake
Goenjian, A. K., Steinberg, A. M., & Pynoos, R. S. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108877992.004 · Cited by 1
Dropout from prolonged exposure among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid severe mental illness
Brown, W. J., Saulnier, K. G., Allan, N. P., Wojtalik, J. A., Zampogna, A. M., & Grubaugh, A. L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100405 · Cited by 4
Incorporating animal-assisted therapy into treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder
Lefkowitz, C. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98815-5.20002-5 · Cited by 1

Authors: Imel, Z. E., Laska, K., Jakupcak, M., & Simpson, T. L.
Affiliations: University of Utah (US)
Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital (US)
VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US)
ORCID: Imel, Zac E.
Jakupcak, Matthew
Simpson, Tracy L.
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2013
Volume: 81
Issue: 3
Pages: 394-404
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/a0031474
PMC: PMC3893277
OpenAlex: W2136341379
Cited by: 633
References: 76
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 3.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2016-08-15)
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1RR025014)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, treatment discontinuation, trauma-focused psychotherapy, present-centered therapy, group therapy, number of treatment sessions, medication adherence
MeSH terms: Humans, Patient Dropouts, Psychotherapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks