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The regulation of negative and positive affect in daily life.
Abstract
Emotion regulation has primarily been studied either experimentally or by using retrospective trait questionnaires. Very few studies have investigated emotion regulation in the context in which it is usually deployed, namely, the complexity of everyday life. We address this in the current paper by reporting findings of two experience-sampling studies (Ns = 46 and 95) investigating the use of six emotion-regulation strategies (reflection, reappraisal, rumination, distraction, expressive suppression, and social sharing) and their associations with changes in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in daily life. Regarding the relative use of emotion-regulation strategies, a highly similar ordering was found across both studies with distraction being used more than sharing and reappraisal. While the use of all six strategies was positively correlated both within- and between-persons, different strategies were associated with distinct affective consequences: Suppression and rumination were associated with increases in NA and decreases in PA, whereas reflection was associated with increases in PA across both studies. Additionally, reappraisal, distraction, and social sharing were related to increases in PA in Study 2. Discussion focuses on how the current findings fit with theoretical models of emotion regulation and with previous evidence from experimental and retrospective studies.
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“Research on cognitive reappraisal in daily life suggests it may lead to greater positive affect (Brans et al., 2013; Brockman et al., 2016) and help buffer the impact of negative events (Doorley & Kashdan, 2021); however, the effects of reappraisal are often variable depending on factors such as age (Brockman et al., 2016), level of symptoms (Farmer & Kashdan, 2012), and type of situation”
From Effects of Cognitive Restructuring and Defusion for Coping with Difficult Thoughts in a Predominantly White Female College Student Sample (2022) · cites this paper as Brans et al., 2013
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brans, K., Koval, P., Verduyn, P., Lim, Y. L., & Kuppens, P.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Simon Fraser University (CA)
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 926-939
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2333342375
- Cited by
- 567
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14
- FWCI
- 31.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emotion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Leuven (GOA/10/02, OT/11/031)
- Fund for Scientific Research–Flanders
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, everyday life, positive affect, negative affect, cognitive reappraisal, rumination, expressive suppression, distraction, social sharing, reflection, ecological momentary assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Awareness, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Repression, Psychology, Retrospective Studies, Sampling Studies, Thinking, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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