Endorsement of male role norms and gay-related name-calling.

Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept

Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243205278639 · Cited by 9,367 · see citing works

Homophobic teasing, psychological outcomes, and sexual orientation among high school students: what influence do parents and schools have

Espelage, D. L., Aragon, S. R., Birkett, M., & Koenig, B. W. (2008) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2008.12087894 · Cited by 501 · see citing works

Gender-Role Variables and Attitudes Toward Homosexuality

Whitley, B. E. (2001) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1015640318045 · Cited by 322 · see citing works

Peer to peer sexual harassment in early adolescence: A developmental perspective

McMaster, L. E., Connolly, J., Pepler, D. J., & Craig, W. (2002) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579402001050 · Cited by 300 · see citing works

Predicting Psychosocial Consequences of Homophobic Victimization in Middle School Students

Poteat, V. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2007) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431606294839 · Cited by 275 · see citing works

Naming the “outsider within”: homophobic pejoratives and the verbal abuse of lesbian, gay and bisexual high-school pupils

Thurlow, C. (2001) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2000.0371 · Cited by 272 · see citing works

Impact of Sexual Harassment Victimization by Peers on Subsequent Adolescent Victimization and Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study

Chiodo, D., Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Hughes, R., & Jaffe, P. G. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.01.006 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Producing Contradictory Masculine Subject Positions: Narratives of Threat, Homophobia and Bullying in 11–14 Year Old Boys

Phoenix, A., Frosh, S., & Pattman, R. (2003) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00011 · Cited by 238 · see citing works

Adolescent Bullying, Relationships, Psychological Well-Being, and Gender-Atypical Behavior: A Gender Diagnosticity Approach

Young, R., & Sweeting, H. N. (2004) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/b:sers.0000023072.53886.86 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Antigay Behaviors Among Young Adults

Franklin, K. (2000) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626000015004001 · Cited by 229 · see citing works

The quest for modern manhood: masculine stereotypes, peer culture and the social significance of homophobia

Plummer, D. (2001) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2000.0370 · Cited by 220 · see citing works

Exploring the Relation Between Bullying and Homophobic Verbal Content: The Homophobic Content Agent Target (HCAT) Scale

Poteat, V. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2005) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vivi.2005.20.5.513 · Cited by 212 · see citing works

‘It’s Just Not Acceptable Any More’: The Erosion of Homophobia and the Softening of Masculinity at an English Sixth Form

McCormack, M., & Anderson, E. (2010) · Sociology · doi:10.1177/0038038510375734 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Playing it straight: Masculinities, homophobias and schooling

Nayak, A., & Kehily, M. J. (1996) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.1996.9960644 · Cited by 204 · see citing works

Gender, Bullying, and Harassment: Strategies to End Sexism and Homophobia in Schools

Meyer, E. J. (2009) · Cited by 181 · see citing works

Hegemonic Masculinity and Beyond

Hearn, J., Nordberg, M., Andersson, K., Balkmar, D., Gottzén, L., Klinth, R., Pringle, K., & Sandberg, L. J. (2012) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x11432113 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Presumed Innocence

Renold, E. (2002) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568202009004004 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

The Ideology of “Fag”: The School Experience of Gay Students

Smith, G. W., & Smith, D. E. (1998) · Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1998.tb00506.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Aggression Toward Gay Men as Gender Role Enforcement: Effects of Male Role Norms, Sexual Prejudice, and Masculine Gender Role Stress

Parrott, D. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00577.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Homophobia: personality and attitudinal correlates

Parrott, D. J., Adams, H. E., & Zeichner, A. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00117-9 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

The Role of Masculinity in Children’s Bullying

Gini, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2006) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9015-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

Heterosexism and homophobia in Scottish school sex education: exploring the nature of the problem

Buston, K., & Hart, G. J. (2001) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2000.0366 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Multiple Masculinities?

Pascoe, C. J. (2003) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764203046010009 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

The use of homophobic language across bullying roles during adolescence

Poteat, V. P., & Rivers, I. (2010) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.11.005 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Effects of Subtle Heterosexism on Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals

Burn, S. M., Kadlec, K. M., & Rexer, R. (2005) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1300/j082v49n02_02 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Bullying among adolescent football players: Role of masculinity and moral atmosphere.

Steinfeldt, J. A., Vaughan, E. L., LaFollette, J. R., & Steinfeldt, M. C. (2012) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0026645 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

The Moderating Effects of Support for Violence Beliefs on Masculine Norms, Aggression, and Homophobic Behavior During Adolescence

Poteat, V. P., Kimmel, M. S., & Wilchins, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00682.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works

When Biased Language Use is Associated With Bullying and Dominance Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Prejudice

Poteat, V. P., & DiGiovanni, C. D. (2010) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9565-y · Cited by 97 · see citing works

That's not funny: Understanding recipients' responses to teasing

Alberts, J. K., Kellar‐Guenther, Y., & Corman, S. R. (1996) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570319609374553 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Enhancing Masculinity by Slandering Homosexuals

Carnaghi, A., Maass, A., & Fasoli, F. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211424167 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

School Staff Responses to Gender-Based Bullying as Moral Interpretation

Anagnostopoulos, D., Buchanan, N. T., Pereira, C. M., & Lichty, L. F. (2008) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/0895904807312469 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

A Nationwide Study of Norwegian Beliefs About Same-sex Marriage and Lesbian and Gay Parenthood

Hollekim, R., Slaatten, H., & Anderssen, N. (2011) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-011-0049-y · Cited by 74 · see citing works

The development and validation of the meanings of adolescent masculinity scale.

Oransky, M., & Fisher, C. B. (2009) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0013612 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

What are eight popular masculinity-related instruments measuring? Underlying dimensions and their relations to sociosexuality.

Walker, D. F., Tokar, D. M., & Fischer, A. R. (2000) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.1.2.98 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

“But There’s a Million Jokes About Everybody . . .”: Prevalence of, and Reasons for, Directing Negative Behaviors Toward Gay Men on a Canadian University Campus

Jewell, L. M., & Morrison, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260509354499 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Maintaining the Hegemonic Masculinity Through Selective Attachment, Homophobia, and Gay-Baiting in Schools: Challenges to Intervention

Tharinger, D. J. (2008) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2008.12087896 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Heteronormative Consensus in the Norwegian Same-Sex Adoption Debate?

Anderssen, N., & Hellesund, T. (2009) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918360802551597 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Measurement of masculinity ideologies: A (critical) review.

Thompson, E. H., & Bennett, K. M. (2015) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0038609 · Cited by 227 · see citing works

HONEST: Measuring Hurtful Sentence Completion in Language Models

Nozza, D., Bianchi, F., & Hovy, D. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies · doi:10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.191 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Not “just words”: Exposure to homophobic epithets leads to dehumanizing and physical distancing from gay men

Fasoli, F., Paladino, M. P., Carnaghi, A., Jetten, J., Bastian, B. B., & Bain, P. G. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2148 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Longitudinal Examination of the Bullying-Sexual Violence Pathway across Early to Late Adolescence: Implicating Homophobic Name-Calling

Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., Leemis, R. W., Hipp, T. N., & Davis, J. P. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0827-4 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Gay guys using gay language: friendship, shared values and the intent‐context‐effect matrix

McCormack, M., Wignall, L., & Morris, M. (2016) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12203 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Longitudinal Relations between Bullying Perpetration, Sexual Harassment, Homophobic Taunting, and Dating Violence: Evidence of Heterotypic Continuity

Humphrey, T., & Vaillancourt, T. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01307-w · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Gay‐related name‐calling among Norwegian adolescents – harmful and harmless

Slaatten, H., Anderssen, N., & Hetland, J. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12256 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

It’s not a joke: Masculinity ideology and homophobic language.

Rosenberg, A., Gates, A., Richmond, K. A., & Sinno, S. M. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000063 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Perceptions of a sexual advance from gay men leads to negative affect and compensatory acts of masculinity

Schermerhorn, N. E. C., & Vescio, T. K. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2775 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

“That whole macho male persona thing”: The role of insults in young Australian male friendships.

McDiarmid, E., Gill, P. R., McLachlan, A. J., & Ali, L. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000065 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

How victimization, climate, and safety around sexual orientation and gender expression relate to truancy

Poteat, V. P., Berger, C., & Dantas, J. (2017) · Journal of LGBT Youth · doi:10.1080/19361653.2017.1365037 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

‘There’s a fine line between trash-talking and cyberbullying’: a qualitative exploration of youth perspectives of online gaming culture

Kaye, L. S., Hellsten, L.-A. M., McIntyre, L. J., & Hendry, B. P. (2022) · International Review of Sociology · doi:10.1080/03906701.2022.2133407 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

CORRELATES OF GAY-RELATED NAME-CALLING IN SCHOOLS

Slaatten, H., Hetland, J., & Anderssen, N. (2015) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.21864 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Peers and Homophobic Attitudes in Adolescence: Examining Selection and Influence Processes in Friendships and Antipathies

la Roi, C., Dijkstra, J. K., Kretschmer, T., Savickaitė, R., & Veenstra, R. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01298-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Nuanced Longitudinal Effects of Domains of Perceived Gender Similarity on Adolescent Peer Victimization

Nielson, M. G., Rogers, A. A., & Cook, R. E. (2022) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-022-01285-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Sexism and gender-based discrimination

Leaper, C., & Gutiérrez, B. C. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00013-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

GuysWork: Describing a school‐based healthy relationships program for adolescent boys and results from a pilot evaluation during COVID‐19

Gilham, C., Green, M., Neville‐MacLean, S., Bakody, N., Ternoway, H., SMITH, D. R., & Augusta-Scott, T. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22937 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

“It’s just a joke”: gender, sexuality and trivialisation in adolescent online violence such as cyberhate, cyberbullying, and online grooming

Reneses, M., Riberas-Gutiérrez, M., & Bueno-Guerra, N. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04928-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Adolescents’ Judgment of Homophobic Name-Calling: The Role of Peer/Friend Context and Emotional Response

Wang, Y., Marosi, C., Edgin, M., & Horn, S. S. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01470-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Adolescent masculinity and homophobic-name-calling: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Davies, F., Sargeant, C., & Wright, S. M. (2025) · Educational and Child Psychology · doi:10.53841/bpsecp.2025.42.2.102 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Validation of the Korean Version Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale(K-MAMS)

이혜령, & Kim, J. (2018) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.19.3.201806.183 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Same and Opposite Sex Sexual Harassment: The Roles of Sex and Sociosexuality

Leigh, S., Jones, F., Scourfield, T., Kennair, L. E. O., Bendixen, M., & Thomas, A. G. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251381845 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The social construction of sexual identity in heteronormative linguistic practice

Bieńko, M. (2021) · Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów. · doi:10.34768/dma.vi22.606 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Thoughts and Experiences of First-year College Men Relating to Their Identities as Men

Moreno, R. L. S. (2015)

“It’s not what’s intended, but it’s what happens”: young women’s participation in Sport for Development and Peace in Colombia and the complexity of gender relations

Oxford, S. (2018) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)

Heterósexísk orðanotkun íslenskra framhaldsskólanema

Aðalsteinsdóttir, A. E., & Kjaran, J. I. (2019) · Netla · doi:10.24270/netla.2019.8

NICKNAMING IN ADOLESCENCE: A SCOPING REVIEW

de Andrade, L. G. L., da Silveira, M. A. C., de Melo, J., & Colares, V. (2023) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/23psd240219

Sexual Orientation, Gender Nonconformity and Bullying Victimization Among Students in Norwegian Secondary Schools

Slaatten, H., Breivik, K., & Poteat, V. P. (2026) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316261457865

Masculine norms as correlates of heterosexual men’s attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women.

Keiller, S. W. (2010) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0017540 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

The complex associations between conforming to masculine norms and religiousness in men.

Ward, A. Z., & Cook, S. W. (2010) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0020003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Gay men’s perceptions of the normativeness of health-promoting behaviors for gay and heterosexual men.

Jadaszewski, S. E., & Levant, R. F. (2021) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000351 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The detrimental effect of affirming masculinity on judgments of gay men.

Rivera, L. M., & Dasgupta, N. (2016) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000074 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Predicting men’s acceptance of sexual violence myths through conformity to masculine norms, sexism, and “locker room talk”.

Cole, B. P., Brennan, M., Tyler, E., & Willard, R. (2019) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/men0000248 · Cited by 29 · see citing works