Cited by 443Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsCounseling Practices and SupervisionCounseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics

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Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: A common factors perspective.

Laska, Kevin M., Gurman, Alan S., Wampold, Bruce E.·2014·Psychotherapy

DOI 10.1037/a0034332

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Abstract

In this article, we examine the science and policy implications of the common factors perspective (CF; Frank & Frank, 1993; Wampold, 2007). As the empirically supported treatment (EST) approach, grounded in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), is the received view (see Baker, McFall, & Shoham, 2008; McHugh & Barlow, 2012), we make the case for the CF perspective as an additional evidence-based approach for understanding how therapy works, but also as a basis for improving the quality of mental health services. Finally, we argue that it is time to integrate the 2 perspectives, and we challenge the field to do so.

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Rocco, D., Antonelli, E., Bassi, G., & Salcuni, S. (2019) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2019.1697976 · Cited by 2
“…can be considered, at least in part, as a foundation on which to deploy relational factors (e.g., empathy and affective attunement; see, e.g., Rocco, Gennaro, Salvatore, Stoycheva, & Bucci, 2017) and to determine the quality of the TR (Laska et al., 2014; Norcross & Lambert, 2011; Wampold, 2015).”
Background
The Effect of Integrative Therapies Based on the Regulation of Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Mediators on Marital Adaptation: A Systematic Review
Petloo, A. S., Vaziri, S., & Kashani, F. L. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.116680 · Cited by 2
Zoom up your mood – a pilot study examining the efficacy of video-conferencing versus face-to-face delivery of group CBT for depression for out-patients attending a secondary mental health service in Ireland
Ryan, D., Cogley, C., & Moore, L. (2023) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246582300019x · Cited by 2
“Research suggests that peer support and the therapeutic alliance are also important factors in symptom reduction during gCBT (Laska et al ., 2014).”
The Role of Posttraumatic Cognitions in Integrated Treatments for Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder
Lyons, R. C., Helm, J. L., Luciano, M. T., Haller, M. M., & Norman, S. B. (2022) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001540 · Cited by 2
The cultural change narrative as a core component of therapeutic change
Tobiassen, A. H., Sundal, T., Stänicke, E., & Folmo, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1149984 · Cited by 2
“The CF approach also highlights the importance of a therapeutic procedure or a healing ritual that promotes progressive behavior (6, 29, 30).”
BackgroundInfluential
‘Not only bad things happened in the COVID-19 lockdown’: Lived experience of individuals with eating disorders symptoms
Sánchez, C. G., Mendia, J., Gómez-Odriozola, J., Alonso‐Arbiol, I., Conejero, S., & Pascual, A. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06982-7 · Cited by 2
“By attentively listening and validating the voices of those affected by these disorders (Laska et al., 2014), therapists can tailor interventions that authentically address their needs and realities — without leaving aside and forgetting that a treatment intervention is often social exposure…”
What Are the Specific Factors of Change in Art Therapy?
Robb, M. A., O’Loughlin, K., & Barber, T. (2025) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2025.2485713 · Cited by 2
“Then, using a framework analysis method (Brunton et al., 2020), we developed an a priori codebook based on the common factors (Laska et al., 2014) as parent and child codes and the broad term “ art therapy factor ” as a parent code (see Table 1).”
Influential
Trends in Psychiatric Residency Education and Practice From 1944 to 2019: A Loving, Informal, and Highly Personal Review Served With Gently Roasted Sacred Cow
Yager, J. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000503 · Cited by 2
Creating an Evidence Base for Social Work, Group Work, and Psychodrama
Giacomucci, S. (2021) · Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6342-7_10
La urgencia de la evidencia en psicoterapia
Paredes-Rivera, A. (2016) · Interacciones Revista de Avances en Psicología · doi:10.24016/2016.v2n1.21 · Cited by 2
‘Mr K’ – A successful case of analytic oriented therapy documented empirically: the role of the therapeutic relationship and reflexive self-awareness
Brockmann, J., Kirsch, H., Dembler, K., König, D., de Vries, I., Wancke, C.-U., & Zabolitzki, M. (2017) · Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/02668734.2016.1264454 · Cited by 2
Trainee perspectives on issues of psychotherapy integration across research and practice: Comment on McWilliams.
Morrison, N. R., & Goodwin, B. J. (2017) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000071 · Cited by 2
A Need to Specify the Nonspecificity of Mental Disorders and Interventions: Response to Hofmann and Hayes
Leung, J. K. H. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618812732 · Cited by 2
Validity of the Czech Version of the Therapeutic Factors Inventory – Short Form (TFI-S)
Dubovská, E., Fürstová, J., Růžička, J., & Tavel, P. (2019) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/00207284.2019.1584527 · Cited by 2
“Although some researchers claim that debates about common factors have little bearing on science-based psychotherapeutic practice (Baker, McFall, & Shoham, 2008), we agree with their opponents who believe that further research on common factors is still needed and may provide important new insights into the psychother…”
Background
From Ethics to Ethos: An Expanded Agenda for Counsellor Training and Development
Schirmer, J. (2019) · Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia · doi:10.59158/001c.71110 · Cited by 2
MAGIC: a Proposed Model Based on Common Factors
Starreveld, A. (2021) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-020-09599-0 · Cited by 4
Rape survivors’ experiences of helpful and unhelpful counselling aspects.
Rooyen, V., & Victoria., M. (2018) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · Cited by 2
The Role of Counselor Trainees' Co-Regulated Mindfulness: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Study
Warwick, L. (2023) · doi:10.12794/metadc2137602 · Cited by 2
Narration True and False: Dialogical Self Theory in Psychotherapy
Kałowski, P. (2020) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323542209.pp.189-204 · Cited by 1
Leveraging the Clinical Importance of the Therapist as a Person in Family Therapy
Middleton, J. C., Williams, S., & Ruglis, J. (2023) · International Journal of Systemic Therapy · doi:10.1080/2692398x.2023.2282205 · Cited by 1
“…been found to explain around 5% or so of the outcome variance, with estimates more or less than this figure, and to exceed treatment effects (S. A. Baldwin & Imel, 2013, as cited in Laska et al., 2014; Castonguay et al., 2013; Norcross & Lambert, 2019a; Wampold, 2001, 2019; Wampold & Imel, 2015).”
Result
Is psychotherapy orientation important for depressive and anxiety disorder-related work disability outcomes? A prospective nationwide register study
Selinheimo, S., Gluschkoff, K., Kausto, J., Turunen, J., & Väänänen, A. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07140-4 · Cited by 1
Terapia do Esquema e Transtorno Depressivo: Uma revisão sistemática
Ribeiro, J., Cardoso, B. L. A., & Oliveira, M. D. S. (2025) · Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva · doi:10.31505/rbtcc.v27i1.1880 · Cited by 1
Psychotherapists’ self-protective attachment strategies
Giannotti, M., Crittenden, P. M., Landini, A., & Lambruschi, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1637760 · Cited by 1
“In contrast, treatment technique, psychotherapists’ theory training and demographics contribute only minimally (Baldwin and Imel, 2013; Hill and Castonguay, 2017; Laska et al., 2014; Wampold and Imel, 2015); the relation of psychotherapists’ attachment to treatment outcomes has not been tested.”
EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR YOUTH IN POVERTY
Kodet, J. (2016) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2016.015 · Cited by 2
What Works Best for Reducing Symptoms and Improving Quality of Life? A 6-Months Follow-up Study on the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Group Information and Support for Adults Suffering from Depression
Moore, L., Carr, A., Hodgins, S., Duffy, D. J., & Rooney, B. (2017) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-017-9358-7 · Cited by 1

Authors: Laska, K. M., Gurman, A. S., & Wampold, B. E.
Affiliations: Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital (US)
Northwestern University (US)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID: Wampold, Bruce E.
Venue: Psychotherapy
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2014
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Pages: 467-481
ISSN: 0033-3204 (ISSN-L)
1939-1536
DOI: 10.1037/a0034332
OpenAlex: W2327281039
Semantic Scholar: 6006f594d7a6fd3ad956dd7da833c59f1d33be41
Cited by: 443
References: 151
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 15
FWCI: 34.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
Keywords: empirically supported treatments, evidence-based practice, psychotherapy outcome, randomized controlled trials, mental health care quality, treatment integration
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Humans, Psychotherapy, Evidence-Based Medicine, Empirical Research

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Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: A common factors perspective.

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