Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
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Lakatos distinguished between hard core propositions and protective belt propositions within a theory; hard core propositions cannot be altered without scrapping the entire theory, but protective belt propositions can be altered while preserving the key, central hypotheses.
“Lakatos (1970) has distinguished between two types of propositions within a theory: hard core propositions and protective belt propositions.Hard core propositions cannot be altered without scrapping the entire theory, but protective belt propositions can be altered while preserving the key, central hypotheses.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Lakatos, 1970
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- Authors
- Lakatos, I.
- Venue
- Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1970-09-02
- Pages
- 91-196
- OpenAlex
- W256019955
- Cited by
- 4,649
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 195 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 84.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy, Science, and History
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy and History of Science
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Keywords
- falsification, scientific research programs, methodology of science, Karl Popper, philosophy of science
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