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Get excited: Reappraising pre-performance anxiety as excitement.

Brooks, Alison Wood·2014·Journal of Experimental Psychology General

DOI 10.1037/a0035325

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Abstract

Individuals often feel anxious in anticipation of tasks such as speaking in public or meeting with a boss. I find that an overwhelming majority of people believe trying to calm down is the best way to cope with pre-performance anxiety. However, across several studies involving karaoke singing, public speaking, and math performance, I investigate an alternative strategy: reappraising anxiety as excitement. Compared with those who attempt to calm down, individuals who reappraise their anxious arousal as excitement feel more excited and perform better. Individuals can reappraise anxiety as excitement using minimal strategies such as self-talk (e.g., saying "I am excited" out loud) or simple messages (e.g., "get excited"), which lead them to feel more excited, adopt an opportunity mind-set (as opposed to a threat mind-set), and improve their subsequent performance. These findings suggest the importance of arousal congruency during the emotional reappraisal process.

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Authors: Brooks, A. W.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Brooks, Alison Wood
ORCID: Brooks, Alison Wood
Venue: Journal of Experimental Psychology General
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2014
Volume: 143
Issue: 3
Pages: 1144-1158
ISSN: 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
1939-2222
DOI: 10.1037/a0035325
OpenAlex: W2166132302
Cited by: 349
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 15.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Experimental Psychology General (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wharton Behavioral Lab
Wharton Risk Center
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Keywords: pre-performance anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, excitement, emotional reappraisal, self-talk, public speaking, mathematics achievement, performance anxiety, coping strategies
MeSH terms: Adult, Arousal, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Performance Anxiety

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Get excited: Reappraising pre-performance anxiety as excitement.

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