Ethnic identity, identity coherence, and psychological functioning: Testing basic assumptions of the developmental model.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to test three fundamental theoretical propositions from Phinney's (1990) developmental model about the relations among ethnic identity, identity coherence, and psychological functioning: (a) ethnic identity is more strongly related to identity coherence for ethnic minorities than for Whites; (b) ethnic identity is more strongly related to psychological functioning for ethnic minorities than for Whites; and (c) identity coherence mediates the association between ethnic identity and psychological functioning for ethnic minorities, but not for Whites. These hypotheses were tested in three independent samples of ethnically diverse youth. In general, we found weak to moderate support for these three hypotheses, suggesting that the theoretically proposed differences in ethnic identity between ethnic minorities and Whites may not be supported by data. Implications for theory and measurement of ethnic identity are discussed.
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In the latter study, ERI was significantly higher among students who reported a specific ethnicity in their surveys, as compared to those who wrote "white" or "Caucasian" when asked to provide their ethnic group.
“In the latter study, the authors found that ERI was significantly higher among students who reported a specific ethnicity in their surveys, as compared to those who wrote “white” or “Caucasian” when asked to provide their ethnic group (Syed & Juang, 2014).”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Syed & Juang, 2014
Syed and Juang found that white college students reported lower ERI than Students of Color, but links between ERI and psychological functioning were consistent across groups.
“Similarly, Syed and Juang (2014) found that white college students reported lower ERI than Students of Color, but links between ERI and psychological functioning were consistent across groups.”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Syed & Juang, 2014
While some white youth may learn about and feel pride in their ethnic heritage, many write "white" when prompted to provide their ethnic group.
“While some white youth may learn about and feel pride in their ethnic heritage, many write “white” when prompted to provide their ethnic group (Grossman & Charmaraman, 2009; Syed & Juang, 2014).”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Syed & Juang, 2014
Cites
Development and validation of ego-identity status.
Marcia, J. E. (1966) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0023281 · Cited by 5,172 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Even indicators of overall identity development are typically aggregates of multiple identity domains (Adams, 1998; Balistreri, BuschRossnagel, & Geisinger, 1995; Crocetti, Rubini, & Meeus, 2008; Marcia, 1966; Meeus, Iedema, Helsen, & Vollebergh, 1999), which is not the same as assessing identity coherence.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups
Phinney, J. S. (1992) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/074355489272003 · Cited by 3,813 · see citing works
Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research.
Phinney, J. S. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499 · Cited by 3,480 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Engaging in the process of ethnic identity exploration that ultimately results in commitments is viewed as a fundamental developmental task of adolescence and emerging adulthood (Phinney, 1990; Umaña-Taylor, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialHandbook of Adolescent Psychology
(2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470479193 · Cited by 2,938 · see citing works
Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: a meta-analysis
Smith, T. B., & Silva, L. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021528 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
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Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context
Moffitt, U., & Rogers, L. O. (2022) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12762 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Similarly, Syed and Juang (2014) found that white college students reported lower ERI than Students of Color, but links between ERI and psychological functioning were consistent across groups.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHatano, K., Sugimura, K., & Schwartz, S. J. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0785-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
- Authors
- Syed, M., & Juang, L. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Venue
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 176-190
- ISSN
- 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0106
- 1099-9809
- OpenAlex
- W2332521468
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 20.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- ethnic identity, identity coherence, psychological functioning, ethnic minorities, white youth, ethnic identity measurement, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Data Collection, Depression, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Minority Groups, Models, Psychological, Self Concept, Social Identification, Meta-Analysis as Topic, White People, Young Adult
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