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Cited by 3,813Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchSocial and Intergroup PsychologyIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups

Phinney, Jean S.·1992·Journal of Adolescent Research
DOI 10.1177/074355489272003
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Abstract

Ethnic identity is an important component of the self-concept and, like other aspects of identity, can be particularly salient during adolescence. Most research on ethnic identity has focused on the unique elements that distinguish particular ethnic groups. However, it is important as well to study and compare ethnic identity and its correlates across groups. This article presents a questionnaire measure of ethnic identity based on the elements of ethnic identity that are common across groups, so that it can be used with all ethnic groups. The questionnaire was administered to 417 high school students and 136 college students from ethnically diverse schools. Reliability, assessed by Cronbach 's alpha, was .81 for the high school sample and .9Ofor the college sample. The relationship of ethnic identity to various demographic variables and to self-esteem was examined. The measure can be used to examine similarities and differences in ethnlic identity and its correlates among youths from different ethnic groups.

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  • Phinney introduced the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM).

    “In response to Black racial identity models, Phinney (1992), a developmental psychologist, introduced the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM).”

    From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Phinney, 1992

  • When scales such as the MEIM and EIS are employed, white youth consistently report lower ERI than their BIPOC peers, regardless of which aspect is measured.

    “When scales such as the MEIM and EIS are employed, white youth consistently report lower ERI than their BIPOC peers (Phinney, 1992; Walker & Syed, 2013), regardless of which aspect is measured.”

    From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Phinney, 1992

  • Scales designed to measure the process and content of ERI development among racially minoritized individuals focus on constructs such as group belonging, importance, and understanding.

    “Scales designed to measure the process and content of ERI development among racially minoritized individuals focus on constructs such as group belonging, importance, and understanding (Phinney, 1992; Sellers et al., 1998; Umaña‐Taylor et al., 2004).”

    From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Phinney, 1992

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Authors
Phinney, J. S.
Affiliations
California State University Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Phinney, Jean S.
Venue
Journal of Adolescent Research
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
1992-04
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
156-176
ISSN
  • 0743-5584 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-6895
DOI
10.1177/074355489272003
OpenAlex
W2119721601
Cited by
3,813
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 98 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 131 · 2022: 133 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 168 · 2018: 129 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 209 · 2015: 180 · 2014: 203 · 2013: 195 · 2012: 213
FWCI
32.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Journal of Adolescent Research (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords
ethnic identity, Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, self-concept, adolescents, university students, self-esteem, cross-ethnic comparison

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