The methodological integrity of critical qualitative research: Principles to support design and research review.
Abstract
This article articulates principles and practices that support methodological integrity in relation to critical qualitative research. We begin by describing 2 changes that have occurred in psychological methods over the last 15 years. (a) Building on foundational work advocating for epistemological pluralism, guidelines on how to design, review, and report qualitative and mixed methods have been advanced to support methodological integrity in keeping with a diversity of researchers' aims and approaches. (b) There has been an increased use of critical epistemological perspectives and critical methods. In light of these changes, the current article puts forward principles to support critical qualitative researchers when considering methodological rigor and when formulating rationales to support their methods in the journal article review process. Illustrating the principles with an example of critical research, the article describes common problems and issues in the research design process that can be considered in order to strengthen the returns of critical studies. Recommendations are made for editors and reviewers on how to conduct reviews of critical qualitative research, and pressing concerns for publishing critical qualitative research are detailed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Researchers have reflected various concerns and proposed several recommendations for editors and reviewers on conducting reviews of critical qualitative research.
“Researchers have reflected various concerns and proposed several recommendations for editors and reviewers on conducting reviews of critical qualitative research (Levitt et al., 2021;McGinley et al., 2021).”
From Criteria for Good Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Review (2022) · cites this paper as Levitt et al., 2021
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Kok, Y. Y., Tong, H. C. C., & Liu, J. (2024) · Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal · doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v9i27.5629
“This study's primary data collection method was semi-structured interviews, as they offer a comprehensive insight into the efficacy of therapy in real-world settings (Levitt et al., 2021).”
Methodصناعة الأفلام الوثائقية للمهاجرين: تحول الثقافات وإشكالية من يتم إسكاتهم عبر الحدود الأفريقية
السيد, ف. ا. م., فکري, ع., & فرغلي, أ. ف. (2024) · المجلة العربية لبحوث الاعلام والاتصال · doi:10.21608/jkom.2024.354791
“This study uses qualitative method which is inductive in nature, as the researcher generally explores meanings and insights in a given situation ( Levitt, Morrill, Collins, and Rizo, 2021).”
Hamdanah, H. (2024) · AL-TANZIM JURNAL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM · doi:10.33650/al-tanzim.v8i2.7297
“By combining these data collection techniques, the research can deeply understand education administration in Madrasah Diniyah and explore various relevant perspectives from the stakeholders involved (Levitt et al., 2021).”
BackgroundPantaleo, A. M., Dzidic, P. L., Newnham, E. A., Chih, H., Wells, R., Olson, B. G., Langley, S., Schonfeld, A., & Hendriks, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Reproductive Health · doi:10.3389/frph.2024.1420895
“Member checking will be adopted to develop con fi dence in the fi ndings and to ensure co-researcher feedback is interpreted accurately (27).”
MethodIsmail, S., & Sepeng, M. S. (2024) · Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education · doi:10.2478/dcse-2024-0011
Jamhari, M., Agni, R., Zainal, S., & Sabran, M. (2024) · Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) · doi:10.37251/ijoer.v5i6.1266
“In qualitative research, theories and data sources can develop in the field [32], [33].”
A Narrative Inquiry of Relational Conflict Navigation for East Asian American Women
Lee, M., Baez, G., Maleh, N. T., Sliwak, R. M., & Aigen, S. S. (2025) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/00110000251328708
“In line with recommendations speci fi c to critical qualitative research (Levitt et al., 2021), (a) we sought to collect data that could show diversity of narratives related to the in fl uence of culture, gender, and race on navigating relational con fl ict to enhance data adequacy; (b) the fi rst…”
Eisman, A. B., Koffkey, C., Fridline, J., Harvey, C., Hasson, R. E., Palinkas, L. A., & Kilbourne, A. M. (2025) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895251330520 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Methodological integrity refers to enhancing the rigor of qualitative research to improve how well the fi ndings accurately capture participants ’ experiences (Creswell, 2015; Levitt et al., 2021).”
Machira, Y. W., Makkan, H., Mthembu, F., Maenetje, P. W., Price, M. A., Edward, V., & Chetty-Makkan, C. M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.04.13.25325756
The Jay-Canvas Artboard Approach: an innovative arts-based research method
Jay, E., Patterson, C., & Moxham, L. J. (2025) · Nurse Researcher · doi:10.7748/nr.2025.e1968
Lee, C., Sneed, K., Stonbraker, S., & Coats, H. (2025) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-025-01745-3
“Diverse experiences from person to person Including positive and negative moments [47] (p.8) [47] (p.7) [46] (p.659) [53] (p.350) [53] (p.350) [53] (p.350) [54] (p.64)”
Influential
- Authors
- Levitt, H. M., Morrill, Z., Collins, K. M., & Rizo, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 357-370
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W3164303525
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 30.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Keywords
- critical qualitative research, methodological integrity, research design, peer review, epistemological pluralism, critical epistemology, critical method, methodological quality, mixed methods
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Research Design, Research Personnel, Review Literature as Topic, Qualitative Research
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