The DOI matches its Crossref record; 106 of the 106 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abstract
In this review we examine the evidence regarding self-determination theory within the school physical education context. We applied a multilevel structural equation modeling approach to meta-analyze data from a systematic review that identified 265 relevant studies. In line with theory, autonomous motivation was positively correlated with adaptive outcomes and negatively correlated with maladaptive outcomes. Introjected regulation was modestly correlated with both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. External regulation and amotivation both showed negative relationships with adaptive outcomes, and positive relationship with maladaptive outcomes. Also supporting SDT, autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfactions were strongly correlated with autonomous student motivation, and less strongly, but still positively, correlated with introjected regulation. Weak negative correlations were found between autonomy, competence, and relatedness and external regulation. Amotivation had moderate negative correlations with needs satisfaction. Findings further revealed that teachers more greatly impact classroom experiences of autonomy and competence, whereas relatedness in physical education is associated with both peer and teacher influences.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Using meta-analytic path analysis to uncover unique variance predicted by individual needs, this study showed that competence was the strongest predictor of self-determined motivation followed by autonomy, whereas relatedness had only a small contribution.”
From Pathways to Student Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations (2022) · cites this paper as Vasconcellos et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“This finding also aligns with meta-analyses from other contexts which consistently find relatedness to be a positive antecedent of motivation types with smaller effect sizes compared with needs for autonomy and competence (Ng et al., 2012; Van den Broeck et al., 2016; Vasconcellos et al., 2020).”
From Pathways to Student Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations (2022) · cites this paper as Vasconcellos et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, these results concur with Vasconcellos et al.’s (2020) findings that competence need satisfaction has the strongest association with students’ autonomous motivation and amotivation in the physical education context.”
From Pathways to Student Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations (2022) · cites this paper as Vasconcellos et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“This does not seem to be the case in education as both our results and those of Vasconcellos et al. (2020) show autonomy to be secondary to competence in predicting academic motivation.”
From Pathways to Student Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations (2022) · cites this paper as Vasconcellos et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Vasconcellos et al.’s (2020) meta-analytic results showing competence to outweigh autonomy and relatedness in predicting most motivation types in physical education.”
From Pathways to Student Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations (2022) · cites this paper as Vasconcellos et al., 2020
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness
(2017) · doi:10.1521/978.14625/28806 · Cited by 12,588
Self-citationSelf-Determination Theory Applied to Health Contexts: A Meta-Analysis
Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, G. C. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612447309 · Cited by 1,959
Self-citationResearch on Cooperative Learning and Achievement: What We Know, What We Need to Know
Slavin, R. E. (1996) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1996.0004 · Cited by 1,687
Research Methods in Physical Activity
Thomas, J. R., & Nelson, J. K. (1990) · Cited by 1,562
The Social Desirability Variable in Personality Assessment and Research.
Sprott, D. A., & Edwards, A. L. (1959) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2282171 · Cited by 1,495
A test of self‐determination theory in school physical education
Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709904x22359 · Cited by 1,205
Self-citationTHEORY TESTING: COMBINING PSYCHOMETRIC META‐ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS MODELING
VISWESVARAN, C., & ONES, D. S. (1995) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01784.x · Cited by 926
A Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Intervention Programs Designed to Support Autonomy
Su, Y.-L., & Reeve, J. (2011) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-010-9142-7 · Cited by 924
Ntoumanis, N. (2005) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.444 · Cited by 833
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 887
González, P. S. M., Carballido, N. H., Maneiro, R., & del Bosque, R. A. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14060764
Rimasiute-Knabikiene, R., & Diržytė, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1706979
Uygurtaş, M., & Yapıcı, H. (2026) · Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi · doi:10.56639/jsar.1835020
Sports activities as a catalyst for social responsibility: a moderated mediated model
Burlea‐Schiopoiu, A., & Boruzescu, P. C. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01721-w
Wani, B., Natal, Y. R., Bate, N., Mari, A. A., & Fuzita, M. (2026) · Tadris Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah · doi:10.24042/tadris.v11i1.30219
Yanar, N. (2026) · Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1788043
Cheung, J. S. T., Ha, A. S. C., & Ng, J. Y. Y. (2026) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2026.2649839
Caro, J. C., Galgano, G., Muñoz, M., Díaz-Ramírez, J., & Maluenda, J. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16073463
Lee, A. S. Y., Rudner, B. A., Rhodes, R. E., & Harper, N. J. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14070937
Maudet-Coulomb, E. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ec2b97c9z7e12z4a7ezb3efz5f83c2610eef
Boangmanalu, P. N., Siregar, S., Napitupulu, E. E. (., Manurung, V. F., Subakti, F. A., Togatorop, M., Wibowo, S., Tarigan, E. Y. F., & Manalu, M. F. B. (2026) · Journal of Foundational Learning and Child Development · doi:10.53905/childdev.v2i02.10
Fatagani-Valerio, J. M. M., Valerio, J. R., & Pinsoy, R. (2026) · Psychology and Education A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.70838/pemj.550110
Locus of Control (LoC): Improving Student Physical Education Learning Outcomes
Muhtar, T., Lengkana, A. S., Supriyadi, T., Solijonovich, M. R., Nosirova, D. S., & Arifin, Z. (2026) · International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope · doi:10.47857/irjms.2026.v07i02.07509
Sefrianda, M. D., Ihsan, N., Masrun, Sepriadi, & Okilanda, A. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Sciences and Mathematics Education · doi:10.58524/jasme.v6i2.1150
Gong, B., Sun, B., Song, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, S., Yang, X., & Yang, J. (2026) · Intelligent Sports and Health · doi:10.1016/j.ish.2026.03.001
Murcia, J. A. M., Gandía, D. G., & PINEDA, D. (2026) · Revista de Formación en Educación · doi:10.21134/kbw99n14
Éducation et inclusion par le sport ?
Margas, N., & Buchs, C. (2026) · Érès eBooks · doi:10.3917/eres.erard.2026.01.0165
Satria, T., Palmizal, A., & Daya, W. J. (2026) · COMPETITOR Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga · doi:10.26858/cpjok.v18i1.643
Narváez, C. S. G., & Encalada, E. D. S. (2026) · Resistances Journal of the Philosophy of History · doi:10.46652/resistances.v7i14.255
Linking Classroom Management With Individual Interest and Class Behaviors: An Exploratory Study
Shen, B., Pang, Y., Wang, Y., & Bo, J. (2026) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2025-0026
Salazar, D. R. S., & Arcos, H. G. A. (2026) · Religación · doi:10.46652/rgn.v11i52.1661
Evangelou, E., Digelidis, N. M., & Krommidas, C. (2026) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x261443155
Syahruddin, Saleh, M. S., & Saleh, M. S. (2025) · COMPETITOR Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga · doi:10.26858/cpjok.v17i1.220
Evaluation of Students' Speaking Anxiety among Freshmen compared to University Graduating-Cohorts
Khalil, N., Qayyum, K., Ashraf, K., Azhar, R., Mushtaq, M., & Ahmad, F. (2026) · The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.55735/dt60nc17
Daus, Y., Khairudin, K., Sepriadi, S., & Arnando, M. (2025) · JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) · doi:10.29210/020256690
de Bruijn, A. G. M., Hartman, E., Mombarg, R., & Timmermans, A. C. (2026) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2024-0337
Mapping Individual Interest and Study Engagement Across Physical Education Contexts
Lobo, J. T. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6846-7.ch001
Rais, R., Pranata, S. P., & Djuwairiyah (2025) · Jurnal Imiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran · doi:10.23887/jipp.v9i3.97042
ІВАНЮК, І. Я., & ЖАЛКО, Т. Й. (2026) · Social work and social education · doi:10.31499/2618-0715.2(17).2026.361134
Cruz, R. D. S., & Cruz, R. C. D. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1890-3.ch002
Innovative Pedagogies for Lifelong Interest in Physical Education
Saha, S., Singh, M. K., Setiawan, E., & Meena, R. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1890-3.ch004
Play, Combat, and Physical Education
Kumar, D. H. S., Keerthiraj, & Misra, A. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-1890-3.ch006
Yang, G., Junhui, Z., Chen, Z., & Zhu, L. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9619608/v1
A Broader Understanding of Motivational Climate in Physical Education
Treschman, P., Sperka, L., & Stylianou, M. (2026) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2026.2671070
Brunssen, L., & Kastrup, V. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16050793
Cui, H., Li, L., & Liu, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1848230
Applying self-determination theory to workers’ motivation for self-directed learning
Hein, V., & Urban, K. (2026) · Journal of Workplace Learning · doi:10.1108/jwl-08-2025-0273
Hsiao, L. T., Wang, C., Ya-Ping, Y. A. N. G., & Jong-Ni, L. I. N. (2026) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000746
Aygün, Y., Tüfekçi, Ş., Böke, H., Yagin, B., Berktaş, H., Canpolat, B., Turhan, F. H., Norman, G., & Güldoğan, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1762732
Gao, H., Cao, D., Ren, Y., Shi, H., Liang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1828839
A study of the characteristics of motivation among athletes in team and individual sports
Turishcheva, L., & Hak, A. (2026) · Sports games · doi:10.15391/si.2026-3.08
Mujtahidin, A. H., Muhammad, H. N., & Yulfadinata, A. (2026) · Citius Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan · doi:10.32665/citius.v6i1.6359
Testing the efficacy of need-supportive instruction on skill performance, Motivation, & Affect
Hwang, Y., Deng, Y., Kim, T., & Yli-Piipari, S. R. (2026) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2026.05105
ІНТЕГРАТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО РОЗУМІННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ МОТИВАЦІЇ СПОРТСМЕНІВ
Hak, A., Folvarochnyi, I., Ву, Ю., & (54018), C. L. (2026) · Вісник Прикарпатського університету Серія Фізична культура · doi:10.15330/fcult.46.69-83
Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., García‐González, L., Pérez-Lasierra, J. L., & Sevil‐Serrano, J. (2026) · Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.psicoe.2026.500193
Qiu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1790018
Hubungan Literasi Fisik dengan Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Siswa SMP
Lazuardi, D. F., Tuasikal, A. R. S., & Jannah, M. (2026) · Gelanggang Olahraga Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga (JPJO) · doi:10.31539/4k8wg930
Yüksel, E., & Güneş, B. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07911-8
Lola, A. C., Bassa, E. I., Symeonidou, S., Stavropoulou, G., Dalamitros, A. A., & Kontaxakis, E. (2026) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth6020073
Tabling, J. B. (2026) · Perspectives in Sustainable Development Studies · doi:10.65401/736980
Shiba, R., Ueno, Y., Ando, S., Nakatani, H., & Koike, S. (2026) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70364
Mastagli, M., Girard, S., Desbıens, J.-F., Simon, L., Guise, A.-A. D., Bezeau, D., & Hainaut, J.-P. (2026) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2024-0339
Youth Coaching Strategies to Foster Enjoyment and Intrinsic Motivation: A Theory-Driven Approach
Fullerton, S. A., & Ramsay, R. (2026) · Strategies · doi:10.1080/08924562.2026.2660628
Lee, J. (2026) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2026.2682715
Self-citationJunaidi, I. A., Rahayu, S., Nasuka, N., Soedjatmiko, S., Setyawati, H., & Pramono, H. (2026) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v81.119439
Developing Social and Emotional Competence in Physical Education: An Integrative Model
Chen, L., & Shen, B. (2026) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2026.2689191
Llanos-Muñoz, R., López-Gajardo, M. Á., Ayuso-Moreno, R. M., & Marcos, F. M. L. (2026) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2026.2688206
Clarin, A. M., Alibo, M. P., Bucar, J. D., Austria, J., Agot, L. A., & Nugal, A. T. (2026) · Psychology and Education A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.70838/pemj.570805
Physical Education for Holistic Educational Development
(2026) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-8175-9
Arroyo-Jofré, P., Venegoni, N., Fernández-Ojeda, A., Alarcón, Y. C., Nieva-Arce, M., & Herrera, P. M. (2026) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v82.119399
Owaid, A. H., Al-Khafaji, M. H. A., & Al-Khaqani, S. A. F. (2026) · International Journal of Sports Health and Physical Education · doi:10.33545/26647559.2026.v8.i6b.440
Larsen, M. N., Aaskilde-Schneider, J., Svaerke, V. E., Melby, P. S., Overgaard, K. P., Kurtzhals, M., Melcher, P. S., Tarantino, G., Christensen, M. G., Meiner, C. B., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9966562/v1
PERMA-informed physical education for social and emotional learning: An SDT-supportive perspective
Hung, W., Chan, E.-H., Lin, C.-P., Hsieh, P.-J., Chen, Z.-S., & Chen, L. (2026) · International Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2026.103050
Hamzah, Adil, A., & Hudain, M. A. (2026) · COMPETITOR Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga · doi:10.67322/cpjok.v18i2.1014
Patrawijaya, Y., & Rahayu, S. (2026) · Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education · doi:10.58258/jime.v12i1.10201
Rice, J. A., Davies, K. F., Foulkes, J. D., Magill, C., Meester, A. D., Stodden, D. F., Lenoir, M., & Foweather, L. (2026) · European Physical Education Review · doi:10.1177/1356336x261463090
Бюркланд, Б. С., & Новокрещенов, В. В. (2026) · Бизнес, образование, право · doi:10.25683/volbi.2026.75.1657
Guan, F., & Tan, Y. L. (2026) · Futurity of Social Sciences. · doi:10.57125/fs.2026.06.20.07
Braksiek, M., Pahmeier, I., & Simonton, K. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1869770
Özkurt, B., & Eskiler, E. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0353067
Siregar, Y. I., Makadada, F. A., & Ihsan, F. (2026) · Lentera Negeri · doi:10.29210/992640
Istikoma, N. (2026) · Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Educational Technology · doi:10.67434/ijiet.v1i2.2391
The Role of Physical Education in Adolescent Life Satisfaction and Well-being
Arroyo, C. G. (2026) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-8320-3
Zongjue, M., & Gang, G. (2026) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-026-15971-w
Huang, L., Kim, K. H., Kim, H.-D., & Cruz, A. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1858254
Febriansyah, I. D., Soetrisno, S., YELEĞEN, B., & Salazar-Ayala, C. M. (2026) · Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, Sport and Physical Education · doi:10.37251/jthpe.v3i1.3285
Orhan, B. E., Alkasasbeh, W. J., Karaçam, A., Branquinho, L., & Amawi, A. T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1908692
Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., García‐González, L., Pérez-Lasierra, J. L., & Sevil‐Serrano, J. (2026) · Revista de Psicodidáctica · doi:10.1016/j.psicod.2026.500193
Chen, J., Li, X., Bai, D., & Ke, Y. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05195-w
Uría-Valle, P., Fernández‐Río, J., & Gil-Arias, A. (2026) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2025-0374
Zhu, Z., Liu, X., Peng, J., & Xu, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1858576
Rahman, H. A., Murang, Z. R., & Latif, S. N. A. (2026) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2025-0479
Gülünay, Y. İ. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1906871
Umpan Balik Video Berbantuan Kecerdasan Artifisial dalam Pembelajaran Pencak Silat
Sudirman, R., Arini, I., Rahmat, A., Suharto, T. H., & Aryadi, D. (2026) · ANTHOR Education and Learning Journal · doi:10.31004/anthor.v5i4.939
Álvarez, E. F., González-Peño, A., & López, J. C. (2026) · Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03055698.2026.2709588
Smartboard Media and Learning Motivation in Elementary Mathematics: A Case Study in Rural Indonesia
Tyas, H. W. A. (2026) · SUJANA (Education and Learning Review) · doi:10.56943/sujana.v5i3.1015
Wintle, J., Durden-Myers, E. J., & Lewis, K. (2026) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2026.2708322
AI-Assisted Physical Education: Promoting Positive Mindsets for Non-Enthusiast Learners
Ramirez, D. T. (2026) · Journal of Intelligent Decision Making and Information Science · doi:10.59543/jidmis.v3.1219
Qingdong, L. (2026) · QualiSearch Journal of Educational Research and Practice · doi:10.66437/qjerp.v2i2.007
Zhou, B., Wang, N., Xiaobing, L., & Jing, Z. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16081331
Fadlan, H., Damrah, D., Handayani, S. G., & Mairafon, Y. (2026) · JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia) · doi:10.29210/027166jpgi0005
Sheng, J., She, L., Gong, L., Chen, C., & Zhou, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1863983
Chen, L., Mei, Z., Cai, C., Yin, T., & Xiang, Y. (2026) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2026.105362
Zhao, Z., Li, J., Chen, J., & Wang, H. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2712098
Self-determination and plasma donation: The role of autonomous motivation
Beurel, A., Terrade, F., David, J.-C., & Danic, B. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261467132
Lin, J., & Ma, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1914996
Jiang, X., & Xue, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1902630
Cui, X., & Wang, J. (2026) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.32604/jpa.2026.084759
Metadata
- Authors
- Vasconcellos, D., Parker, P. D., Hilland, T., Cinelli, R., Owen, K. B., Kapsal, N., Lee, J., Antczak, D., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Lonsdale, C.
- Affiliations
- Australian Catholic University (AU)
- RMIT University (AU)
- Curtin University (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Psychology
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1444-1469
- ISSN
- 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2176
- OpenAlex
- W2980674488
- Cited by
- 811
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 183 · 2025: 168 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 42
- FWCI
- 8.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Education › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- self-determination theory, physical education, autonomous motivation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation, need satisfaction, autonomy, competence, relatedness, teacher influence, peer influence, student motivation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
