The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility.
Abstract
Ss overheard an epileptic seizure. They believed either that they alone heard the emergency, or that 1 or 4 unseen others were also present. As predicted the presence of other bystanders reduced the individual's feelings of personal responsibility and lowered his speed of reporting (p < .01). In groups of size 3, males reported no faster than females, and females reported no slower when the 1 other bystander was a male rather than a female. In general, personality and background measures were not predictive of helping. Bystander inaction in real-life emergencies is often explained by apathy, alienation, and anomie. This experiment suggests that the explanation may lie more in the bystander's response to other observers than in his indifference to the victim.
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In the citing paper
“Darley and Latan e (1968) showed that people in larger groups feel less responsible and less personally addressed, which creates a bystander effect.”
From Influencer Marketing on Instagram: Empirical Research on Social Media Engagement with Sponsored Posts (2022) · cites this paper as Darley and Latan e (1968)
In the citing paper
“Despite macroinfluencers' sponsored posts being exposed to a larger number of users (De Veirman, Cauberghe, and Hudders 2017), people in larger groups feel less responsible and addressed and then stand by rather than act (Darley and Latan e 1968).”
From Influencer Marketing on Instagram: Empirical Research on Social Media Engagement with Sponsored Posts (2022) · cites this paper as Darley and Latan e 1968
Citations
Cites
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Child Training and Personality
Whiting, J. W. M., & Child, I. L. (1953) · Revista Mexicana de Sociología · doi:10.2307/3537788 · Cited by 643
Gallo, M. M. (2018) · Cornell University Press eBooks · doi:10.7591/9780801455902-005 · Cited by 110
Liking and Response to Dependency Relationships
Daniels, L. R., & Berkowitz, L. J. (1963) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872676301600203 · Cited by 86
Aronfreed, J. (1964) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0047689 · Cited by 60
Child Training and Personality
Stevenson, H. W., Whiting, J. W. M., & Child, I. L. (1954) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1418513 · Cited by 59
Berkowitz, L. J., Klanderman, S. B., & Harris, R. (1964) · Sociometry · doi:10.2307/2785622 · Cited by 57
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
“The bystander effect is apparently robust among strangers (e.g., Darley & Latane, 1968), but in cohesive groups, the opposite pattern is found, namely that larger groups produce more helping (Rutkowski, Cruder, & Romer, 1983).”
BackgroundEvaluating Effect Size in Psychological Research: Sense and Nonsense
Funder, D. C., & Ozer, D. J. (2019) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2515245919847202 · Cited by 3,295
2. Public Goods: A Survey of Experimental Research
Ledyard, J. O. (1995) · The Handbook of Experimental Economics · doi:10.1515/9780691213255-004 · Cited by 1,033
The psychology of social impact
Latané, B. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.4.343 · Cited by 2,864
“In fact, the results of the original Darley and Latane (1968) experiment bear out this expectation.”
BackgroundBargh, J. A., Chen, M. I.-C., & Burrows, L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.71.2.230 · Cited by 2,646
Metadata
- Authors
- Darley, J. M., & Latane, B.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1968
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4, Pt.1
- Pages
- 377-383
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2171602877
- Semantic Scholar
- a17d8ee9f157ebeb2f520406c1d79346ceb532c8
- Cited by
- 3,083
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 158 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 161 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 178 · 2020: 152 · 2019: 175 · 2018: 168 · 2017: 131 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 118 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 135 · 2012: 99
- FWCI
- 113.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Keywords
- bystander intervention, diffusion of responsibility, emergency situations, helping behavior, personal responsibility, group size, gender differences, apathy, anomie, alienation
- MeSH terms
- Character, Conflict, Psychological, Decision Making, Emergencies, Female, Group Processes, Group Structure, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Perception, Psychology, Social, Reaction Time, Sex Factors
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