The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perceptual recognition as a function of meaningfulness of stimulus material
Abstract
The present study evaluates a class of models of human information processing made popular by Broadbent. A brief tachistoscopic display of one or two single letters, four-letter common words, or four-letter nonwords was immediately followed by a masking field along with two single-letter response alternatives chosen so as to minimize informational differences among the tasks. Giving 5s response alternatives before the stimulus display as well as after it caused an impairment of performance. Performance on single words was clearly better than performance on single letters. The data suggest that the first stages of information processing are done in parallel, but scanning of the resultant highly processed information is done serially.
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“Thus, letters are also perceived more accurately when presented as part of a word than when presented in isolation, i.e. the Word superiority effect, (e.g. Reicher, 1969; Wheeler, 1970).”
From Human- versus Artificial Intelligence (2021) · cites this paper as Reicher, 1969
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, the 'word superiority effect' demonstrates that a single target letter is identified more efficiently in the context of a well-structured word than within a randomly structured letter string or a letter in isolation [3].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Several lines of cognitive evidence indicate that the perceptual mechanisms that support word recognition rest on a critical process that groups the letters of a word together into an integrated perceptual unit (i.e. a 'visual word form').”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“The word superiority effect is the fact that when asked to detect the presence of a letter, subjects typically show superior performance when the letter is embedded in a visual string that respects the structure of the learned language than when it is embedded in a random string.”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Reicher, 1969
Citations
Cites
The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
Miller, G. A. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.343 · Cited by 17,559
Lane, S. D. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315506173-8 · Cited by 4,707
The information available in brief visual presentations
Sperling, G. (1960) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093759 · Cited by 4,042
Averbach, E., & Coriell, A. S. (1961) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1961.tb03987.x · Cited by 873
Successive approximations to a model for short term memory
Sperling, G. (1967) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(67)90070-4 · Cited by 591
THE TIME TAKEN UP BY CEREBRAL OPERATIONS
CATTELL, J. M. (1886) · Mind · doi:10.1093/mind/os-xi.42.220 · Cited by 264
Visual detection in relation to display size and redundancy of critical elements I
Estes, W. K., & Taylor, H. A. (1966) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03207814 · Cited by 136
Internal perceptual system noise and redundancy in simultaneous inputs in form identification
Eriksen, C. W., & Lappin, J. S. (1965) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03343493 · Cited by 50
Perceptual selectivity in a visual recognition task.
Egeth, H. E., & Smith, E. E. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024774 · Cited by 42
Independence in the perception of simultaneously presented forms at brief durations.
Eriksen, C. W., & Lappin, J. S. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024254 · Cited by 40
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McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.88.5.375 · Cited by 4,889
Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception
Navon, D. (1977) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(77)90012-3 · Cited by 4,005
A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production.
Dell, G. S. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.93.3.283 · Cited by 3,236
DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud.
Coltheart, M., Rastle, K., Perry, C., Langdon, R., & Ziegler, J. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.1.204 · Cited by 4,500
Parts and Wholes in Face Recognition
Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749308401045 · Cited by 2,179
Metadata
- Authors
- Reicher, G. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reicher, Gerald M.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Published
- 1969
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 275-280
- ISSN
- 0022-1015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2147637089
- Cited by
- 1,252
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 13.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- perceptual identification, stimulus meaningfulness, parallel computing, serial scanning, word recognition, letter recognition, nonword recognition, masking, information processing stages
- MeSH terms
- Form Perception, Humans, Information Theory
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