The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity.
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Citations
Cites
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Self-citationConstruct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195
Response Sets and Test Validity
Cronbach, L. J. (1946) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316444600600405 · Cited by 898
Cited by
Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8 · Cited by 38,459
A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships
Anderson, J. C., & Narus, J. A. (1990) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299005400103 · Cited by 5,826
Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002 · Cited by 5,435
Internet Users' Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model
Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Agarwal, J. (2004) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.1040.0032 · Cited by 3,173
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, D. T.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1960-08
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 546-553
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2030148756
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/h0048255
- The paper
- Campbell, D. T. (1960). Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048255
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
