Cited by 898Psychometric Methodologies and TestingSurvey Methodology and NonresponsePsychological Testing and Assessment

Response Sets and Test Validity

Cronbach, Lee J.·1946·Educational and Psychological Measurement

Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1177/001316444600600405

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Cronbach, L. J.
Affiliations
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Cronbach, Lee J.
Venue
Educational and Psychological Measurement
Published
1946-12
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
475-494
ISSN
  • 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-3888
OpenAlex
W1897007643
Cited by
898
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 33
FWCI
1.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords
response sets, test validity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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