The rat's speed-of-locomotion gradient in the approach to food.
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The goal-gradient hypothesis states that the tendency to approach a goal increases with proximity to the goal.
“The goal-gradient hypothesis denotes the classic finding from behaviorism that animals expend more effort as they approach a reward.”
From The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention (2006) · cites this paper as Hull (1934)
Hull (1934) found that rats in a straight alley ran progressively faster as they proceeded from the starting box to the food.
“Hull (1934) found that rats in a straight alley ran progressively faster as they proceeded from the starting box to the food.”
From The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention (2006) · cites this paper as Hull (1934)
The rate of acceleration diminished, as indicated by the negative quadratic goal-distance parameter (p < .01).
“Consistent with Hull's (1934) findings with rats and our results of the café RP, the rate of acceleration diminished, as indicated by the negative quadratic goal-distance parameter ( p < .01).”
From The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention (2006) · cites this paper as Hull's (1934)
Prior research with animals has shown that a steeper goal gradient was generated by an increased drive (e.g., hunger) to attain the reward.
“Prior research with animals has shown that a steeper goal gradient was generated by an increased drive (e.g., hunger) to attain the reward (Hull 1934).”
From The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention (2006) · cites this paper as Hull 1934
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Kivetz, R., Urminsky, O., & Zheng, Y. (2006) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.43.1.39 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Dynamics of multiple-goal pursuit.
Louro, M. J., Pieters, R., & Zeelenberg, M. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.174 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
The Small-Area Hypothesis: Effects of Progress Monitoring on Goal Adherence
Koo, M., & Fishbach, A. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/663827 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Heilizer, F. (1977) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1977.9918503 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hull, C. L.
- Corresponding author
- Hull, C. L.
- ORCID
- Hull, C. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Psychology
- Published
- 1934-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 393-422
- ISSN
- 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041984193
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- locomotion speed, approach behavior, food seeking, rats, velocity gradient, foraging behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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