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Cited by 466

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Multilevel structural equation models for assessing moderation within and across levels of analysis.

Preacher, Kristopher J., Zhang, Zhen, Zyphur, Michael J.·2016·Psychological Methods
DOI 10.1037/met0000052
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Abstract

Social scientists are increasingly interested in multilevel hypotheses, data, and statistical models as well as moderation or interactions among predictors. The result is a focus on hypotheses and tests of multilevel moderation within and across levels of analysis. Unfortunately, existing approaches to multilevel moderation have a variety of shortcomings, including conflated effects across levels of analysis and bias due to using observed cluster averages instead of latent variables (i.e., "random intercepts") to represent higher-level constructs. To overcome these problems and elucidate the nature of multilevel moderation effects, we introduce a multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) logic that clarifies the nature of the problems with existing practices and remedies them with latent variable interactions. This remedy uses random coefficients and/or latent moderated structural equations (LMS) for unbiased tests of multilevel moderation. We describe our approach and provide an example using the publicly available High School and Beyond data with Mplus syntax in Appendix. Our MSEM method eliminates problems of conflated multilevel effects and reduces bias in parameter estimates while offering a coherent framework for conceptualizing and testing multilevel moderation effects. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Metadata

Authors
Preacher, K. J., Zhang, Z., & Zyphur, M. J.
Venue
Psychological Methods
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2016-06
Volume
21
Issue
2
Pages
189-205
ISSN
  • 1082-989X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1463
DOI
10.1037/met0000052
OpenAlex
W2214468642
Cited by
466
References
67
FWCI
17.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multilevel structural equation models for assessing moderation within and across levels of analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/met0000052
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Preacher, K. J., Zhang, Z., & Zyphur, M. J. (2016). Multilevel structural equation models for assessing moderation within and across levels of analysis. Psychological Methods. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000052

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