The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quantifying explained variance in multilevel models: an integrative framework for defining R-squared measures
Abstract
that computes all measures in our framework to help researchers in considering effect size and conveying practical significance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Given the issues quantifying explained variance in multilevel models (86, 87)”
From Predicting Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using Smartphone and Wearable Data (2021) · cites this paper as [86]
Citations
Cites
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,773
Multilevel analysis : an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling
Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. (1999) · Cited by 6,830
Hox, J., Moerbeek, M., & van de Schoot, R. (2010) · doi:10.4324/9780203852279 · Cited by 3,469
Introducing Multilevel Modeling
Kreft, I., & de Leeuw, J. (1998) · doi:10.4135/9781849209366 · Cited by 2,997
(2011) · Cited by 2,025
(2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781506326139.n404 · Cited by 1,538
Kelley, K., & Preacher, K. J. (2012) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0028086 · Cited by 1,084
(2010) · Cited by 1,013
Kvålseth, T. O. (1985) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1985.10479448 · Cited by 992
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 419
Randomized Trial of Group Postpartum Care Model Improves Knowledge and Clinical Outcomes
Adams, Y. J., Agbenyo, J. S., Lau, E., Young, J. L., & Haas, D. M. (2025) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000814 · Cited by 6
Dick, A. S., Comer, J. S., Bayat, M., Curtis, M., Hayes, T., Pruden, S. M., Hawes, S. W., González, R., Laird, A. R., & Graziano, P. A. (2025) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101630 · Cited by 9
Seidman, A. J., Vogel, D. L., & Lannin, D. G. (2023) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000482 · Cited by 6
Rösch, S. A., Schmidt, R., Wimmer, J., Lührs, M., Ehlis, A., & Hilbert, A. (2023) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2023.09.011 · Cited by 6
He, X., Yang, L., Li, K., Pang, Y. J., Kan, Z., & Song, X. (2023) · Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · doi:10.1007/s00158-023-03689-4 · Cited by 6
Predicting psychological distress in advanced ovarian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Rennoldson, M., Baliousis, M., Potter, A., Ashraf, E., & Gajjar, K. B. (2024) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-024-08675-0 · Cited by 6
Soziale Eingebundenheit im individualisierten Unterricht: Eine Experience-Sampling Studie
Ohl, S., & Dumont, H. (2024) · Unterrichtswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s42010-024-00204-6 · Cited by 6
Heyman, G. M., Ryu, E., & Brownell, H. (2024) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104558 · Cited by 6
Zimprich, D., & Nusser, L. (2022) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-022-01312-3 · Cited by 6
r2mlm: R-Squared Measures for Multilevel Models
Shaw, M., Rights, J. D., Sterba, S. K., & Flake, J. K. (2020) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.r2mlm · Cited by 6
Self-citationMetts, A. V., Puhlmann, L. M. C., Zerban, M., Kalisch, R., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., & Craske, M. G. (2024) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026241281312 · Cited by 5
Prinz, W. H., Tran, U. S., Straub, G. C., & Lueger‐Schuster, B. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2486903 · Cited by 5
Evaluation of predictors' relative importance: Methods and applications
Xun, Z. H. U., & Gu, X. (2022) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.00145 · Cited by 5
Intricate covariation between exploration and avoidance learning in a generalist predator
Kuo, C., Chin, H.-E., & Wu, Y.-Z. (2023) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arad041 · Cited by 5
Atherton, O. E., Graham, E. K., Dorame, A. N., Horgan, D., Luo, J., Nevarez, M. D., Ferrie, J. P., Spiro, A., Schulz, M. S., Waldinger, R. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0001144 · Cited by 5
Marpaung, Y. P. L., Nuha, H. H., Oktaria, D., & Sailellah, H. R. P. (2024) · International Conference on Data Science and Its Applications (ICoDSA) · doi:10.1109/icodsa62899.2024.10652010 · Cited by 5
Experience and advice consequences shape information sharing strategies
Anlló, H., Salamander, G., Raihani, N., Palminteri, S., & Hertz, U. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00175-5 · Cited by 5
Examining Daily Associations Among Sleep, Stress, and Blood Pressure Across Adulthood
Newman, D. B., Gordon, A. M., Prather, A. A., & Mendes, W. B. (2023) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac074 · Cited by 7
Akintunde, O. K., Olanrewaju, K. O., Agboola, T. O., & Busari, A. O. (2023) · African Journal of Science Technology Innovation and Development · doi:10.1080/20421338.2023.2192630 · Cited by 5
Lacroix, A., Harquel, S., Barbosa, L. S., Kovarski, K., Garrido, M. I., Vercueil, L., Kauffmann, L., Dutheil, F., Gomot, M., & Mermillod, M. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3209 · Cited by 6
Bambrah, V., Wardell, J. D., & Keough, M. T. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04109-4 · Cited by 5
Basic personal values and vote choice in 20 European countries
Lönnqvist, J., & Ilmarinen, V. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241296979 · Cited by 6
Key Drivers in the Adoption of the Demand Response Assessment System for Efficient Energy Management
Chitchaitheekul, L., Thavorn, J., Gowanit, C., & Muangsin, V. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3490182 · Cited by 4
Infraslow fluctuations of sustained attention in mood disorders
Viola, T., Vuong, Q. C., Watson, S., Porter, R., Young, A. H., & Gallagher, P. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000509 · Cited by 4
Intracranial pressure and pulsatility in different head and body positions
Bancroft, M. J., Moncur, E. M., Peters, A., D’Antona, L., Thorne, L. W., Watkins, L. D., Day, B. L., & Toma, A. K. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf115 · Cited by 4
Paleit, S., Riar, F. J., Hülsbeck, M., & Hack, A. (2025) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2025.100672 · Cited by 4
Saygin, M., Gevonden, M. J., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2025) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109171 · Cited by 4
Raccoons optimally forage for information: exploration–exploitation trade-offs in innovation
Griebling, H. J., Johnson, S. R., & Benson‐Amram, S. (2026) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2026.123491 · Cited by 4
Investigating Everyday Music Choice on Smartphones: The Role of Mood States and Personality Traits
Sust, L. N. N., & Schoedel, R. (2026) · Personality Science · doi:10.1177/27000710261456849 · Cited by 5
Rezende, G., Stanc, L. L., Menu, I., Cassotti, M., Aïte, A., Salvia, É., Houdé, O., Borst, G., & Cachia, A. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105741 · Cited by 7
Overwalle, J. V., Geusens, B., der Donck, S. V., Boets, B., & Wagemans, J. P. (2024) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-024-00604-6 · Cited by 4
Attachment mismatches and alliance: Through the pitfalls of mentalizing countertransference.
Barreto, J. F., & Matos, P. M. (2022) · Psychoanalytic Psychology · doi:10.1037/pap0000410 · Cited by 4
R-squared Measures for Multilevel Mixture Models with Random Effects
Sterba, S. K., & Rights, J. D. (2022) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2021.1962325 · Cited by 4
Self-citationEffects of Momentary Affect on Satisfaction Judgments
Tončić, M., & Anić, P. (2019) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000304 · Cited by 4
Roberts, B., & Summers, R. J. (2020) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0002359 · Cited by 4
Polly, D., Wang, C., Petty, T. M., & Binns, I. C. (2022) · School Science and Mathematics · doi:10.1111/ssm.12520 · Cited by 5
Riehle, M., Brauer, S., Lincoln, T. M., & Pruessner, L. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-024-10525-6 · Cited by 4
(2024) · Journal of Logistics Informatics and Service Science · doi:10.33168/jliss.2024.0918 · Cited by 3
Where Do Children Look When Watching Videos With Same-Language Subtitles?
Lopukhina, A., van Heuven, W. J. B., Crowley, R., & Rastle, K. (2025) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976251325789 · Cited by 3
Conway, C., Ilagan, G. S., Rabasco, A., Lopez, M. M., Goodrich, M., Kuehn, K. S., & King, K. M. (2025) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104623 · Cited by 3
Amin, R., Islam, M. A., Ferdous, R., Oyshi, K. K., & Islam, A. (2026) · Anemia · doi:10.1155/anem/3767793 · Cited by 3
Factored structural equation modeling in blimp.
Enders, C. K., & Keller, B. T. (2026) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000826 · Cited by 3
Methodological research on hypothesis test and related issues in China’s mainland from 2001 to 2020
Zhonglin, W. E. N., Jinyan, X. I. E., Fang, J., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2022.01667 · Cited by 3
On generating plausible values for multilevel modelling with large‐scale‐assessment data
Zheng, X. (2023) · British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bmsp.12326 · Cited by 3
Stressors and Subjective Cognition in Daily Life: Tests of Physical Activity and Age as Moderators
Stuart, N. S., Wen, J., Klaiber, P., Puterman, E. M., DeLongis, A., & Sin, N. L. (2024) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001338 · Cited by 3
The presence of a humanoid robot can be detrimental to human performance in an attentional task.
Ghiglino, D., Tommaso, D. D., Lukomski, A. W., & Wykowska, A. (2024) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000137 · Cited by 3
Kuijpers, E., Wille, B., Vossen, J., & Hofmans, J. (2025) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241309491 · Cited by 3
Pihlajamäki, M., Eisele, G. V., Peeters, L., Kirtley, O. J., Myin‐Germeys, I., & Lafit, G. (2026) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911251410340 · Cited by 3
Who likes whom? The interaction between perceiver personality and target look
Lönnqvist, J., Ilmarinen, V., & Verkasalo, M. (2020) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104044 · Cited by 5
Mehrsprachigkeit in der Frühen Bildung
:null (2022) · Waxmann Verlag GmbH eBooks · doi:10.31244/9783830996088 · Cited by 3
Chaumillon, R., Alahyane, N., Senot, P., Lemoine, C., Doré-Mazars, K., Vergilino‐Perez, D., & Guillaume, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26319-3 · Cited by 3
Dealing with Repeated Measures
Gordon, A. M., & Thorson, K. R. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009170123.023 · Cited by 3
Defining R‐squared measures for mixed‐effects location scale models
Zhang, X., & Hedeker, D. (2022) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.9521 · Cited by 3
Wang, X. M., Wilson, M. A., Song, Y. Q., Ma, G., Dong, M., & Zhu, Q. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21000-1 · Cited by 3
Propensity Score Matching with Cross-Classified Data Structures: A Comparison of Methods
Lee, Y., Leite, W. L., & Leroux, A. J. (2023) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2023.2164843 · Cited by 3
Broekharst, D. S. E., Thomas, P. W. A., Rüssel, M. G., West, R. L., Jansen, J. M., Bloem, S., & Römkens, T. E. H. (2023) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2023.03.020 · Cited by 3
Ibáñez, B., Jones, A. T., Jeyarajah, D. R., Dent, D. L., Prendergast, C. O., & Barry, C. L. (2024) · Journal of surgical education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.01.001 · Cited by 3
Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy for Children and Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder
Asbrand, J., Krämer, M., Heinrichs, N., Nitschke, K., & Tuschen-Caffier, A. B. (2023) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000423 · Cited by 3
Bartusevičius, H., van Leeuwen, F., & Petersen, M. B. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dvq83 · Cited by 3
Chabal, S. A., Moslener, E., Markwald, R. R., & Chinoy, E. D. (2024) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae097 · Cited by 2
Self-configuring genetic programming algorithms with Success History-based Adaptation
Sherstnev, P. A., & Semenkin, E. S. (2025) · Siberian Aerospace Journal · doi:10.31772/2712-8970-2025-26-1-60-70 · Cited by 2
Prinsen, J., & Alaerts, K. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251335730 · Cited by 2
Forecasting of abnormalities in optical glass lens centering using acoustic emissions
Shiu, S.-C., Liang, Y., Kwan, S.-Y., & Liu, C. (2025) · Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40430-025-05729-0 · Cited by 2
Meta-analyzing correlation matrices in the presence of hierarchical effect size multiplicity
Scherer, R., & Campos, D. (2025) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1017/rsm.2025.10027 · Cited by 3
Schmid, A. M., Thomas, T. A., Oelker, A., Vollbracht, D., Meurer, N., Mallon, L., Diers, M., Dominick, N., Kampa, M., Wolf, O. T., et al. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106321 · Cited by 2
Abreu‐Mendoza, R. A., Nkwo, C., Mill, R. D., Cole, M. W., Pincus, M., & Rosenberg‐Lee, M. (2026) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109397 · Cited by 2
Cai, H., Ji, L., Bao, H., Yang, Z., Xie, Y. D., Xiaoou, W. A. N. G., Zhang, M., Huijun, Z. H. U., Su, Z., Wan, Z. H. O. U., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/00220221261418017 · Cited by 2
Jun, G., Wuttiphan, N., Han, J., & Kwangmuang, P. (2026) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688261440791 · Cited by 2
Samuelson, A., & Dahl, A. (2026) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106597 · Cited by 2
Hoehne, S., & Zimprich, D. (2024) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-023-01507-2 · Cited by 2
Integrating exploration and prediction in computational psychotherapy science: proof of concept
Fisher, H., Stone, S. J., Zilcha‐Mano, S., Goldstein, P., & Anderson, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1274764 · Cited by 2
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People Experiencing Psychosis: A Randomized Feasibility Study
Ridler, J., Millar, A., & Schwannauer, M. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02326-5 · Cited by 2
Procedural justice, neighborhood opportunities and police legitimacy
Ward, J. T., Bennett, J. Z., & Olaghere, A. (2024) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-01-2024-0006 · Cited by 2
Assessing heterogeneous causal effects across clusters in partially nested designs.
Liu, X. (2024) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000723 · Cited by 2
Portingale, J., Butler, D. L., & Krug, I. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17111861 · Cited by 2
Kim, J. J., Reis, H. T., Maniaci, M. R., & Joel, S. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672231171986 · Cited by 2
Interessenbasierte Differenzierung mithilfe systematisch variierter Kontextaufgaben im Fach Chemie
Güth, F. (2023) · Logos Verlag Berlin eBooks · doi:10.30819/5737 · Cited by 3
Alessandri, G., Filosa, L., Ottaviani, C., & Carnevali, L. (2024) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112353 · Cited by 2
Moodie, I. (2024) · The Journal of AsiaTEFL · doi:10.18823/asiatefl.2024.21.2.7.379 · Cited by 2
Toh, S. H. Y., Kanter, J. W., Lim, C. H., & Sündermann, O. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02447-x · Cited by 3
Ahuna, J. K., Becker, K. D., & Chorpita, B. F. (2023) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-023-01295-6 · Cited by 2
Race, masks, residency and concern regarding COVID‐19 transmission
Azhar, S., Rahman, R., Wernick, L. J., Tripathi, S., Cohen, M., & Maschi, T. M. (2022) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22953 · Cited by 2
Kalokerinos, E. K., Murphy, S. C., Koval, P., Mestdagh, M., Bastian, B. B., & Kuppens, P. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2020017117 · Cited by 2
Mujcinovic, S. (2020) · UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid) · doi:10.35376/10324/43635 · Cited by 2
Flora, D. B. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0247 · Cited by 2
Immediate sensorimotor grounding of novel concepts learned from language alonePreprint
Guenther, F., Nguyen, T., Chen, L., Dudschig, C., Kaup, B., & Glenberg, A. M. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gs69k · Cited by 2
Devine, S., Falk, C. F., & Fujimoto, K. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/p2n8a · Cited by 2
Daily Rumination–Affect Associations in Dyads During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Garza, E. Z., Murphy, R. A., Linden, W., Ashe, M. C., Madden, K. M., Jakobi, J. M., DeLongis, A., Gerstorf, D., & Hoppmann, C. A. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbad187 · Cited by 1
Questioning ‘Feminine Managerial Behavior’ – A European Study Considering Gender Ideology
Coron, C. (2024) · M n gement · doi:10.37725/mgmt.2024.8864 · Cited by 1
D’Amico, D., Alter, U., Laurin, D., Ferland, G., & Fiocco, A. J. (2024) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000535978 · Cited by 1
Horner, S., & Kammermeyer, G. (2024) · Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/10901027.2024.2327422 · Cited by 1
Multidisciplinary Aspects and Performance in Racket Sports
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-4966-7 · Cited by 1
How spending decisions shape happiness in everyday life
Stenlund, S., Guo, Y., Rights, J. D., Dwyer, R., & Dunn, E. W. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00166-6 · Cited by 1
Self-citationZhang, J., Jia, J., Xiao, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01291-4 · Cited by 1
EL‐Awad, U., Hachenberger, J., Schneider, U., & Lemola, S. (2025) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2025.100700 · Cited by 1
Hoffman, L. (2025) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2025.2519348 · Cited by 1
Tsang, C., Nelson, J., Vassar, R. L., Ko, N., McCulloch, C. E., Smith, E. R., Vadivelu, S., Akers, A. L., Lee, C., Zabramski, J. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.035926 · Cited by 1
Hsueh, T., Park, H. J., Veldman, J., & Kachanoff, F. J. (2025) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2025.2571544 · Cited by 1
Kyynäräinen, R., Holopainen, S., Metsämuuronen, J., Qushem, U. B., Laakso, M., & Alanko, K. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.70043 · Cited by 1
Gilbert, J. B., & Miratrix, L. W. (2025) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1080/00273171.2025.2586631 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Rights, J. D., & Sterba, S. K.
- ORCID
- Rights, Jason D.
- Venue
- Psychological Methods
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-338
- ISSN
- 1082-989X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1463
- OpenAlex
- W2823644790
- Cited by
- 413
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 18
- FWCI
- 22.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- explained variance, multilevel models, effect size, practical significance, variance partitioning
- MeSH terms
- Data Interpretation, Statistical, Educational Measurement, Humans, Psychology, Students, Models, Statistical, Multilevel Analysis, Biostatistics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review