Online and mobile technologies for self-management in bipolar disorder: A systematic review.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Internet (eHealth) and smartphone-based (mHealth) approaches to self-management for bipolar disorder are increasingly common. Evidence-based self-management strategies are available for bipolar disorder and provide a useful framework for reviewing existing eHealth/mHealth programs to determine whether these strategies are supported by current technologies. This review assesses which self-management strategies are most supported by technology. METHOD: Based on 3 previous studies, 7 categories of self-management strategies related to bipolar disorder were identified, followed by a systematic literature review to identify existing eHealth and mHealth programs for this disorder. Searches were conducted by using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant peer-reviewed articles published January 2005 to May 2015. eHealth and mHealth programs were summarized and reviewed to identify which of the 7 self-management strategy categories were supported by eHealth or mHealth programs. RESULTS: From 1,654 publications, 15 papers were identified for inclusion. From these, 9 eHealth programs and 2 mHealth programs were identified. The most commonly supported self-management strategy categories were "ongoing monitoring," "maintaining hope," "education," and "planning for and taking action"; the least commonly supported categories were "relaxation" and "maintaining a healthy lifestyle." eHealth programs appear to provide more comprehensive coverage of self-management strategies compared with mHealth programs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Both eHealth and mHealth programs present a wide range of self-management strategies for bipolar disorder, although individuals seeking comprehensive interventions might be best served by eHealth programs, while those seeking more condensed and direct interventions might prefer mHealth programs. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Research on digital mental health treatments for severe mental illness such as bipolar and psychotic disorders has shown feasibility, with more limited efficacy data.
“Research on DMHTs for severe mental illness, such as bipolar and psychotic disorders, has shown feasibility, although efficacy data remain more limited (33, 34).”
From Banbury forum consensus statement on the path forward for digital mental health treatment (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
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Development of an Emotion-Sensitive mHealth Approach for Mood-State Recognition in Bipolar Disorder
Daus, H., Blocher, T., Egeler, R., Klerk, R. D., Stork, W., & Backenstraß, M. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/14267 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chung, K., & Chung, E. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2020.39.4.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Visualizing Uncertainty in Multi-Source Mental Health Data
Hoefer, M. J. D., Schumacher, B. E., Szafir, D. A., & Voida, S. (2022) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3491101.3519844 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Müssener, U., Thomas, K., Bendtsen, P., & Bendtsen, M. (2020) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/17044 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tsai, C., Tu, C., Chen, J., Lane, H., & Ma, W. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211875 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mental health mobile app use to manage psychological difficulties: an umbrella review
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Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile-Based Emotion Recognition Approach for Bipolar Disorder.
Daus, H., & Backenstraß, M. (2021) · International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.9781/ijimai.2021.08.015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for Bipolar Disorders
(2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Introduction to the Integrative Approach
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Banbury Forum Consensus Statement on the Path Forward for Digital Mental Health Treatment
Mohr, D. C., Azocar, F., Bertagnolli, A., Choudhury, T., Chrisp, P., Frank, R. G., Harbin, H. T., Histon, T., Kaysen, D. L., Nebeker, C., et al. (2025) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.25023021 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bipolar Disorder: An Update on Neurobiology and Treatment
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Aproximación a la investigación psicológica en Internet y redes sociales
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Methods for Preventing Depression on Digital Platforms and in Social Media
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Bipolar Bozuklukta Öz Yönetim ve Psikiyatri Hemşireliği
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The Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Interventions in Bipolar Disorder
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P.0094 Mobile technology use and smartphone application interest in patients with Bipolar Disorder
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Contents of the Integrative Approach
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.009
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.012
Adjunctive Psychological Treatments in Adults with Bipolar Disorders
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.003
Level of Satisfaction with the Intervention
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.011
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.001
Introduction to Bipolar Disorders
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.002
The Group Rules (if the group format is used)
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.010
Psychoeducation for Patients and Family Members
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.004
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.013
Cognitive and Functional Remediation
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.007
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.006
Promotion of a Healthy Lifestyle
Reinares, M., Martínez‐Arán, A., & Vieta, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108589802.005
Chatterton, M. L., Lee, Y. Y., Berk, L., Mohebbi, M., Berk, M., Suppes, T. M., Lauder, S., & Mihalopoulos, C. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.36496
Digital Interventions for Bipolar Disorder
Enrique, Á., Akkol‐Solakoglu, S., Matthews, M. L., & Richards, D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63349-2_10
Maroufi, E. V., Abed, M., & Shariat, A. (2025) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.70141
- Authors
- Gliddon, E., Barnes, S. J., Murray, G., & Michalak, E. E.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Swinburne University of Technology (AU)
- Venue
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-319
- ISSN
- 1095-158X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-3126
- OpenAlex
- W2622683509
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund
- Australian Rotary Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, self-management, e-health, mobile health, smartphone-based intervention, online intervention, self-management strategies, hope, patient education, relaxation, healthy lifestyle, digital mental health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Self-Management, Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Telemedicine, Internet, Mobile Applications
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