Review of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.

Silva, Marc A.

doi:10.1037/rep0000367

Cited by 61Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchPsychological Testing and AssessmentTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

Review of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.

Silva, Marc A.·2021·Rehabilitation Psychology

DOI 10.1037/rep0000367

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Purpose/Objective: To describe the psychometrics and utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and provide suggestions for clinical usage and future research. Research Method/Design: Thirty studies examining aspects of the NSI, published between 1995 and 2020, were reviewed. Results: The NSI is a 22-item self-report questionnaire of neurobehavioral symptoms. The NSI was first published in 1995 and has since been adopted by the Department of Defense and Department of Veterans affairs for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research and clinical evaluation. Most research on the NSI has been conducted in veteran and military samples with predominantly mild TBI. Cronbach's alpha ranged from .81 to .96 for the total score and exceeded .80 for most scales. Test-retest values ranged from .78 to .94 for the total score and ranged from .52 to .91 for subscales. Item content overlaps with psychiatric disorders and is expectedly correlated with psychiatric measures and emotional distress. Although consensus about its factor structure is lacking, the 3- and 4-factor solutions have been replicated and have the strongest support. Subsequent researchers have published reliable change indices, embedded validity indices, and normative data using civilian and military samples. Conclusions/Implications: The NSI has acceptable reliability and some evidence supporting its validity in measuring neurobehavioral symptoms. Although not intended to diagnose TBI, the NSI has value for clinicians…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/rep0000367

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory has Cronbach alpha=0.81-0.96 (very high).
“Cronbach α=0.81-0.96 (very high) [98]”
From Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [98]

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related comorbidities in clinical studies
Mureșanu, I. A., Grad, D. A., Muresanu, D. F., Dobran, Ş.-A., Hapca, E., Strilciuc, Ș., Benedek, I., Capriș, D., Popescu, B. O., Perju‐Dumbravă, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medicine and Life · doi:10.25122/jml-2022-0120 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Behavioral Symptoms and the Levels of Circulating GFAP, Tau, and NfL in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Sass, D., Guedes, V. A., Smith, E. G., Vorn, R., Devoto, C., Edwards, K. A., Mithani, S., Hentig, J., Lai, C., Wagner, C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.746491 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Post-concussive symptoms mediate the relationship between sleep problems and participation restrictions among veterans with mild traumatic brain injury
Kinney, A. R., Yan, X.-D., Schneider, A. L., King, S., Forster, J. E., Bahraini, N. H., & Brenner, L. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.964420 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Long Noncoding RNA VLDLR-AS1 Levels in Serum Correlate with Combat-Related Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression Symptoms in US Veterans
Patel, R. S., Krause‐Hauch, M., Kenney, K., Miles, S. R., Nakase‐Richardson, R., & Patel, N. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031473 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms One Year after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study
Klyce, D. W., West, S. J., Perrin, P. B., Agtarap, S., Finn, J. A., Juengst, S. B., Dams-O’Connor, K., Eagye, C. B., Vargas, T. A., Joyce, S. C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2021.0200 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A double-blind randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen for persistent symptoms after brain injury
Weaver, L. K., Ziemnik, R. E., Deru, K., & Russo, A. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86631-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
In People With Subacute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Earlier Physical Therapy Improved Symptoms at a Faster Rate Than Later Physical Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial
Campbell, K. R., Antonellis, P., Peterka, R. J., Wilhelm, J. L., Scanlan, K. T., Pettigrew, N. C., Chen, S., Parrington, L., Fino, P. C., Chesnutt, J. C., et al. (2024) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzae180 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Symptom Comparisons in Women With and Without Brain Injuries Due to Intimate Partner Violence
Karr, J. E., White, A. E., Leong, S. E., & Logan, T. (2024) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911241236687 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Primary Visual Pathway Changes in Individuals With Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Rasdall, M. A., Cho, C. Y., Stahl, A. N., Tovar, D. A., Lavin, P., Kerley, C. I., Chen, Q., Ji, X., Colyer, M. H., Groves, L. L., et al. (2024) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.5076 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Distinct Functional MRI Connectivity Patterns and Cortical Volume Variations Associated with Repetitive Blast Exposure in Special Operations Forces Members
Diociasi, A., Iaccarino, M. A., Sorg, S. F., Lubin, E. J., Wisialowski, C., Dua, A., Tan, C. O., & Gupta, R. (2025) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.233264 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Correlates and predictors of resilience in veterans with persistent traumatic brain injury symptoms
Assonov, D. O. (2022) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2022.120600 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development and Pilot Implementation of a Theory-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Protocol for Adults With Chronic Cognitive Complaints After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Turkstra, L. S., Ray, M. R., LeBlanc, M., Lu, L. H., Curtiss, G., Bowles, A. O., Eapen, B. C., & Cooper, D. B. (2025) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00306 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Successful Use of Bilateral 2-Level Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block to Improve Traumatic Brain Injury Symptoms: A Retrospective Analysis of 23 Patients
Mulvaney, S. W., Lynch, J. H., Olmsted, K. R., Mahadevan, S., & Dineen, K. J. (2024) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usae193 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cytokine Profiles Differentiate Symptomatic from Asymptomatic PTSD in Service Members and Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury
Smith, E. G., Hentig, J., Martin, C. A., Wagner, C., Guedes, V. A., Edwards, K. A., Devoto, C., Dunbar, K. E., Roy, M. J., & Gill, J. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123289 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Randomized, controlled clinical trial of acoustic stimulation to reduce postconcussive symptoms
Cole, W. R., Tegeler, C. L., Choi, Y. S., Harris, T. E., Rachels, N., Bellini, P. G., Haight, T. J., Gerdes, L., Tegeler, C., & Roy, M. J. (2023) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51937 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rehabilitation Outcomes of Service Members and Veterans With Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Haun, J. N., McDaniel, J. T., Nakase‐Richardson, R., Schneider, T., McMahon-Grenz, J., Benzinger, R. C., Barton, S., Sandoval, R., Skop, K. M., Dismuke‐Greer, C. E., et al. (2025) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000002228 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Reconsidering Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening Cutoff Scores for Concussion
Weightman, M. M., King, L. A., Fino, P. C., Dibble, L. E., Pelo, R. M., Michielutti, P. G., Richard, H., Parrington, L., Lester, M., & Hoppes, C. W. (2023) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usad394 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cross-Validating the Atypical Response Scale of the TSI-2 in a Sample of Motor Vehicle Collision Survivors
Nussbaum, S. H., Ales, F., Giromini, L., Watson, M., & Erdődi, L. A. (2023) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-023-09487-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Development of the traumatic brain injury Rehabilitation Needs Survey: a Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems study
Silva, M. A., Finn, J. A., Dillahunt-Aspillaga, C. J., Cotner, B. A., Stevens, L. F., & Nakase‐Richardson, R. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1900930 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral Symptom Patterns in an International Sample of Spanish-Speakers with a History of COVID-19 and Controls
Perrin, P. B., Ramos‐Usuga, D., West, S. J., Merced, K., Klyce, D. W., Lequerica, A. H., Olabarrieta‐Landa, L., Alzueta, E., Baker, F. C., Iacovides, S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010183 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effects of mTBI with loss of consciousness on neurobehavioral symptoms, depression, and insomnia in former collegiate and NFL football athletes
Laskowitz, S., Baird, C. L., Huggins, A. A., Nadareishvili, N., Bride, J., Wagner, H. R., Briggs, M., Morey, R. A., & Turner, R. (2024) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2347552 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Examining the Relationship Between Sleep Apnea Diagnosis and Suicide Risk in Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Silva, M. A., Gonzalez, A. V., Tang, X., Carnahan, N. D., Klyce, D. W., Liou‐Johnson, V., Martin, A. M., Moberg, J., & Dreer, L. E. (2023) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000856 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Design and methods of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of the PE Coach mobile application on prolonged exposure among veterans with PTSD
Reger, G. M., Smolenski, D. J., Williams, R. M., Norr, A. M., Foa, E. B., Kuhn, E. R., Schnurr, P. P., Weathers, F. W., & Zoellner, L. A. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107115 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Effect of Bilateral, Two-Level Cervical Sympathetic Chain Blocks on Specific Symptom Clusters for Traumatic Brain Injury, Independent of Concomitant PTSD Symptoms
Mulvaney, S. W., Lynch, J. H., Mahadevan, S., Dineen, K. J., & Olmsted, K. R. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14121193 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Characterization of Service Members and Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Participating in the Department of Veterans Affairs Intensive Evaluation and Treatment Programs
Ryan, J., Venkatachalam, H. H., Klyce, D. W., Finn, J. A., Gilmore, N. M., Martin, A. M., Munger, E. J., Picon, L. M., Nakase‐Richardson, R., Swan, A. A., et al. (2025) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaf159 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuropsychological Functioning, Neurobehavioral Symptoms, and Community Reintegration in Unstably Housed Veterans with Mental Health Conditions
Keller, A. V., Muller-Cohn, C. M., Austin, T., Jak, A., & Twamley, E. (2023) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2023.2176364 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Factors That Impact the Long-Term Outcome of Postconcussive Dizziness Among Post-9/11 Veterans
Akin, F. W., Swan, A. A., Kalvesmaki, A., Hall, C. D., Riska, K. M., Stressman, K. D., Nguyen, H. L. T., Amuan, M. E., & Pugh, M. J. (2023) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2023_aja-22-00150 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Neurobehavioral Symptoms Partially Mediate the Effects of Depression and PTSD on Participation for Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study
Wyrwa, J. M., Brenner, L. A., Yan, X.-D., Schneider, A. L., Burke, L., King, S. E., Forster, J. E., & Kinney, A. R. (2025) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000001012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Baseline executive functioning moderates treatment‐related changes in quality of life in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid traumatic brain injury
Crocker, L. D., Sullan, M. J., Jurick, S. M., Thomas, K. R., Davey, D. K., Hoffman, S. N., Twamley, E. W., & Jak, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22883 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between sleep apnea and vestibular symptoms following traumatic brain injury
Skop, K. M., Bajor, L., Sevigny, M., Swank, C., Tallavajhula, S. S., Nakase‐Richardson, R., & Miles, S. R. (2023) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.13044 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences Predicts Increased Neurobehavioral Symptom Reporting in Adults with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Esterov, D., Persaud, T., Higano, J. D., Kassmeyer, B. A., & Lennon, R. J. (2024) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2024.0014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory Item-Level Change Complements the Reliable Change Method
Scarlett, E., Lu, L. H., Cummings, L. D., & Bowles, A. O. (2022) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000850 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Relationships Between Neighborhood Disadvantage, Race/Ethnicity, and Neurobehavioral Symptoms Among Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Kinney, A. R., Bahraini, N. H., Schneider, A. L., Yan, X.-D., Forster, J. E., Holliday, R. P., & Brenner, L. A. (2025) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000001016 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Post-concussion Return to Shooting Progression for Military Service Members: A Scoping Review and Conceptual Framework
Smith, E. R., Houtchens, K., Pearson, M., Dolbeer, J. A., Kneller, S., Fitzgerald, S. M., Lambert, K. H., & Hoppes, C. W. (2023) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usad399 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Validity and Responsiveness of the Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility After Rehabilitation in Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
McCulloch, K. L., Oh, A. S., Cecchini, A., Zhang, W., Harrison, C. E., & Favorov, O. V. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad100 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Bernanke, A., Hasley, R., Sabetfakhri, N., de Wit, H., Smith, B. M., Wang, L., Brenner, L. A., Hanlon, C., Philip, N. S., Ajilore, O., et al. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/58206 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Three-Month Durability of Bilateral Two-Level Stellate Ganglion Blocks for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Analysis
Mulvaney, S. W., Mahadevan, S., Desronvilles, R. J., Dineen, K. J., & Olmsted, K. R. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13071526 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Exploring the relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, psychiatric symptom reporting, and objective neurocognitive test performance in a post-SARS-CoV-2 clinical sample
Boulais, B. M., Finley, J. A., Cichocki, A. C., Gonzalez, C., Dykins, M. M., Sedgwick, T. A., Pliskin, N. H., Jennette, K. J., Tsai, P., Maniar, N., et al. (2025) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2025.2566649 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in veterans and service members with traumatic brain injury—a study protocol for a blinded three-stage group sequential randomized controlled trial
Neumann, D. M., Kumar, A., van Loveren, H., USF HBOT for Veterans with TBI Collaborative Group, Bowling, F. Y., Dituri, J., Dombrowski, K. E., Karlnoski, R., Kessack, K., Mendoza, J., et al. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09645-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Maturing Brain: An Investigation of Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in Soldiers Returning From Afghanistan and Iraq
Ivins, B. J., Risling, M., Wisén, N., Schwab, K. A., & Rostami, E. (2023) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000919 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Visual Deficits in Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Nowak, M. K., Fortenbaugh, F. C., & Salat, D. H. (2024) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.5121 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Acoustic neuromodulation with or without micro-voltage tACS reduces post-concussive symptoms
Tegeler, C. L., Haight, T. J., Cole, W. R., Shaltout, H. A., Choi, Y. S., Harris, T. E., Rachels, N., Bellini, P. G., Roy, M. J., & Tegeler, C. H. (2025) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2445709 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of a Post-Coronavirus-19 Sample After Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Case Series
Farr, E. M., Esterov, D., Kassmeyer, B. A., Lennon, R. J., & Bergquist, T. F. (2024) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100409 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Identifying a Biological Signature of Trauma-Related Neurodegeneration Following Repeated Traumatic Brain Injuries Compared with Healthy Controls
Eagle, S. R., Puccio, A. M., Svirsky, S. E., Mountz, J. M., Laymon, C. M., Borrasso, A. J., Henry, L. C., & Okonkwo, D. O. (2025) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2025.0052 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impact of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Subjective Perception of Hearing and Balance
Civantos, A. M., Johnson, K., Azzawi, S. A., Tarapore, P. E., Cheung, S. W., Sabes, J. H., Chang, J. L., & Durr, M. L. (2025) · OTO Open · doi:10.1002/oto2.70152 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Traumatic Brain Injury-Exposed Military Population and Reported Outcomes and Recovery: A Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative Study
Cota, M. R., & Nathan, D. E. (2025) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaf194 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Relationships between vestibular dysfunction and cognitive performance in military veterans with mild to moderate TBI
Boutzoukas, E. M., Skop, K. M., & Silva, M. A. (2025) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2025.2598370 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Factors Influencing Access to Cognitive Rehabilitation Referrals Among Veterans With Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Kinney, A. R., Penzenik, M. E., Forster, J. E., O’Donnell, F., Juengst, S. B., & Bahraini, N. H. (2025) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000001145 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluation of clinical outcomes and employment status in veterans with dual diagnosis of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury
Clark, J. M. R., Ozturk, E. D., Coffinier, C., Merritt, V. C., & Program, T. V. M. V. (2023) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-023-03518-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Context Matters: Influence of Injury Context on Long-Term Psychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes in Combat Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury History
Lopez, F. V., Hu, R., Krishnan, T., Dell, K. C., Walker, W. C., Merritt, V. C., & Jak, A. J. (2025) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000001095 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms One Year after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems StudyPreprint
Klyce, D. W., West, S. J., Perrin, P. B., Agtarap, S., Finn, J. A., Juengst, S. B., Dams-O’Connor, K., Eagye, C. B., Vargas, T. A., Chung, J. S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xqubf
Investigating the neural network correlates of apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction in active-duty United States Special Operations Forces
Gilmore, N. M., McKinney, I. R., Tseng, C.-E. J., Greve, D. N., Maffei, C., Healy, B. C., Zürcher, N. R., Hooker, J. M., Tromly, S. L., Perl, D. P., et al. (2025) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-025-00980-4
Psychological Measurement of Special Children Based on Artificial Intelligence
Zhu, Z., Zhang, S., Xie, D., Meng, X., Zhen, W., & Zhou, Y. (2025) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-90903-0_3
Examining the Hypothetical Purchase Task of Physical Inactivity: Differences in Behavioral Economic Indices among Veteran and Nonveteran Pregnant Women
McDaniel, M. R., Wallace, J. P., Partridge, J. A., Weshinskey, N., Redner, R. N., & McDaniel, J. T. (2026) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-026-00685-0
Long-term neurobehavioral and mental health outcomes in young athletes following sport-related concussion: the role of initial symptom severity
Oliveira, N. D., Horsey, J., Fitch, S., Osama, T. A., Williams, K. L., Zuckerman, S. L., & Terry, D. P. (2026) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2026.2675398
Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)–Related Clinical Burden and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Among Special Operations Forces (SOF): Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Inferences
Haun, J. N., McDaniel, J. T., Nakase‐Richardson, R., Schneider, T., McMahon-Grenz, J., Barton, S. J., Sandoval, R., Skop, K. M., Dismuke‐Greer, C. E., Sabangan, J., et al. (2026) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2026.100638
A description of self-selected treatments and self-reported improvement following treatment among post-9/11 veterans experiencing disruptive dizziness following a comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluation
Cheever, K., Kalvesmaki, A., Swan, A. A., Wright, A. H., Nguyen, H., George, R. T., Hall, C. D., Riska, K. M., Akin, F. W., Umucu, E., et al. (2026) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2026.2673984
Efficacy of Incremental Vestibular Ocular Reflex Adaptation Training on Gait, Balance, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Chronic Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Millar, J. L., Migliaccio, A. A., Grove, C. R., Mukunda, A., Perin, J., Coulibaly, H., Ervin, A., Nogi, A. L., Thorman, I. B., & Schubert, M. C. (2026) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2026.100622
Neurotrauma in Naval Special Warfare Combat Crewmen and Fast Boat Operators
Maroon, J. C., Wakelin, S. H., Agarwal, N., Friedlander, R. M., & Smith, M. A. (2026) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000004104
Examining Associations Between Environmental Exposures and Neurobehavioral Symptoms in Post-9/11 Veterans With a Probable History of TBI
Schilling, K. M., Talbert, L. D., Valocchi, E., Lopez, F. V., & Merritt, V. C. (2026) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000001187
Dimensions of Military Neurotrauma: Factor Structure and Clinical Correlates of the Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury–Lifetime
Villalon, A., Li, R., Currao, A., Lebas, A., Fonda, J. R., Fortier, C. B., Milberg, W., & Jorge, R. E. (2026) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000001212

Utility of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory As an Outcome Measure: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Belanger, H. G., Silva, M. A., Donnell, A. J., McKenzie-Hartman, T. L., Lamberty, G. J., & Vanderploeg, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000208 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory
Silva, M. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_9234-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychometric study of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory
King, P. R., Donnelly, K. T., Donnelly, J. P., Dunnam, M., Warner, G. C., Kittleson, C. J., Bradshaw, C. B., Alt, M., & Meier, S. T. (2012) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.03.0051 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of a Spanish Version of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory
Lequerica, A. H., & Arango‐Lasprilla, J. C. (2020) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.09.143
Screening for Postdeployment Conditions
Vanderploeg, R. D., Cooper, D. B., Belanger, H. G., Donnell, A. J., Kennedy, J. E., Hopewell, C. A., & Scott, S. (2013) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e318281966e · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Authors: Silva, M. A.
Affiliations: James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Silva, Marc A.
ORCID: Silva, Marc A.
Venue: Rehabilitation Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2021-05
Volume: 66
Issue: 2
Pages: 170-182
ISSN: 0090-5550 (ISSN-L)
1939-1544
DOI: 10.1037/rep0000367
OpenAlex: W3096943643
Cited by: 61
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
FWCI: 4.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Rehabilitation Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords: Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, traumatic brain injury, neurobehavioral symptoms, symptom severity assessment, reliability statistics, validity, symptom monitoring
MeSH terms: Brain Concussion, Humans, Military Personnel, Neuropsychological Tests, Veterans, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Review of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks