The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effects of subtle misinformation in news headlines.
Abstract
Information presented in news articles can be misleading without being blatantly false. Experiment 1 examined the effects of misleading headlines that emphasize secondary content rather than the article's primary gist. We investigated how headlines affect readers' processing of factual news articles and opinion pieces, using both direct memory measures and more indirect reasoning measures. Experiment 2 examined an even more subtle type of misdirection. We presented articles featuring a facial image of one of the protagonists, and examined whether the headline and opening paragraph of an article affected the impressions formed of that face even when the person referred to in the headline was not the person portrayed. We demonstrate that misleading headlines affect readers' memory, their inferential reasoning and behavioral intentions, as well as the impressions people form of faces. On a theoretical level, we argue that these effects arise not only because headlines constrain further information processing, biasing readers toward a specific interpretation, but also because readers struggle to update their memory in order to correct initial misconceptions. Practical implications for news consumers and media literacy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
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Cites
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03193146 · Cited by 65,971
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60214-2 · Cited by 8,822 · cited 1×
“It is left to the reader to gauge whether one of the views expressed should carry more weight than the other, for example based on an appraisal of argument strength and perceived source credibility (Chaiken & Maheswaran, 1994; Guillory & Geraci, 2013; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986).”
BackgroundMisinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing
Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100612451018 · Cited by 2,920
Self-citationEffective messages in vaccine promotion: a randomized trial
Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., Richey, S., & Freed, G. L. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2365 · Cited by 1,300
Mental contamination and mental correction: Unwanted influences on judgments and evaluations.
Wilson, T. D., & Brekke, N. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.117 · Cited by 1,157 · cited 3×
“…notices the need for updating (cf. Figure 1; also Ecker et al., 2010a; Guzzetti, Snyder, Glass, & Gamas, 1993; Hinze, Slaten, Horton, Jenkins, & Rapp, 2014; Marsh & Fazio, 2006; Rapp, Hinze, Kohlhepp, & Ryskin, 2014; Rapp & Kendeou, 2007, 2009; van den Broek & Kendeou, 2008; Wilson & Brekke, 1994).”
BackgroundGauchat, G. (2012) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122412438225 · Cited by 1,091 · cited 1×
“This is a worrying implication from our research, which is particularly concerning given the generally decreasing trust in scientific experts among segments of the public (Gauchat, 2012).”
BackgroundSources of the continued influence effect: when misinformation in memory affects later inferences
Johnson, H. M., & Seifert, C. M. (1994) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.20.6.1420 · Cited by 560
Guzzetti, B. J., Snyder, T. E., Glass, G. V., & Gamas, W. S. (1993) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.2307/747886 · Cited by 518
Support for climate policy and societal action are linked to perceptions about scientific agreement
Ding, D., Maibach, E. W., Zhao, X., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1295 · Cited by 441
Relevance and Goal-Focusing in Text Processing
McCrudden, M. T., & Schraw, G. (2007) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9010-7 · Cited by 372 · cited 2×
“…and interpreted in light of information already received, and a headline can thus serve to bias processing toward or away from a specific interpretation (Dor, 2003; Ifantidou, 2009; Krug et al., 1989; McCrudden & Schraw, 2007; Miller et al., 2006; Otero & Kintsch, 1992; Surber & Schroeder, 2007).”
Background
Cited by
The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction
Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N., Kendeou, P., Vraga, E. K., & Amazeen, M. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y · Cited by 1,372
Self-citationClayton, K., Blair, S., Busam, J. A., Forstner, S., Glance, J., Green, G., Kawata, A., Kovvuri, A., Martin, J., Morgan, E., et al. (2020) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-019-09533-0 · Cited by 658
“Fake News” Is Not Simply False Information: A Concept Explication and Taxonomy of Online Content
Molina, M. D., Sundar, S. S., Le, T., & Lee, D. (2021) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764219878224 · Cited by 485
Misleading Online Content: Recognizing Clickbait as "False News"
Chen, Y., Conroy, N. J., & Rubin, V. L. (2015) · Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Workshop on Multimodal Deception Detection · doi:10.1145/2823465.2823467 · Cited by 432
Searching for the backfire effect: Measurement and design considerations.
Swire-Thompson, B., DeGutis, J., & Lazer, D. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.006 · Cited by 360
Metadata
- Authors
- Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., Chang, E. P., & Pillai, R.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 323-335
- ISSN
- 1076-898X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2192
- OpenAlex
- W2073594025
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 31.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Royal Society
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