The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Encoding actions and verbs: Tracking the time-course of relational encoding during message and sentence formulation.
Open accessAbstract
Two experiments tracked the encoding of relational information (actions at the level of the prelinguistic message and verbs at the level of the sentence) during formulation of transitive event descriptions (e.g., The tiger is scratching the photographer). At what point during message and sentence formulation do speakers encode actions and verbs? Participants described pictures of transitive events in response to neutral questions ("What is happening?"), agent questions ("What is [the agent] doing?"), and patient questions ("What is happening with [the patient]?"). The agent and patient questions were intended to change the message-level focus of speakers' responses and to induce priority encoding of the event action and the sentence verb. The questions had a nearly categorical effect on speakers' choice of sentence form in their responses (characters mentioned in the questions were produced in subject position, as expected) and a strong effect on the time-course of sentence formulation: Speakers rapidly directed their gaze to the part of the event needed to encode contextually new, task-relevant information-first the event action and the sentence verb, then the sentence object. The distribution of fixations during the "verb-encoding" window showed that speakers encode relational information by fixating both event characters. Comparing formulation of sentences describing events with action-informative agents and action-informative patients showed a small preference for fixating the more informative character both immediately after picture onset (message-level encoding) and during the verb-encoding window (sentence-level encoding). The results identify action-specific and verb-specific eye movement signatures in message and sentence formulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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“preparing a simple sentence can easily require a second or more”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Konopka, 2019
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“This strategy can lead to disfluencies or pauses after the first chunk”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Konopka, 2019
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“Even under those circumstances, participants often choose not to plan the entire utterance but only a first chunk, often corresponding to one or two words, before beginning to speak.”
From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Konopka, 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Konopka, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Konopka, Agnieszka E.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1486-1510
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- OpenAlex
- W2810995228
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- relational encoding, sentence construction, message formulation, transitive events, action encoding, eye movements, visual fixation, patient questions, sentence structure, picture description
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Concept Formation, Female, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Semantics, Speech Perception, Time Perception, Young Adult
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