The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Trichromatic color vision with only two spectrally distinct photopigments
Abstract
Protanomaly is a common, X-linked abnormality of color vision. Like people with normal color vision, protanomalous observers are trichromatic, but their ability to discriminate colors in the red-green part of the spectrum is reduced because the photopigments that mediate discrimination in this range are abnormally similar. Whereas normal subjects have pigments whose wavelengths of peak sensitivity differ by about 30 nm, the peak wavelengths for protanomalous observers are thought to differ by only a few nanometers. We found, however, that although this difference occurred in some protanomalous subjects, others had pigments whose peak wavelengths were identical. Genetic and psychophysical results from the latter class indicated that limited red-green discrimination can be achieved with pigments that have the same peak wavelength sensitivity and that differ only in optical density. A single amino acid substitution was correlated with trichromacy in these subjects, suggesting that differences in pigment sequence may regulate the optical density of the cone.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition to the amino acids that shift the spectrum, protanomlous color vision may also arise from amino acid differences that do not shift the relative peak sensitivity of the underlying M pigments, but instead increase the optical density of one pigment relative to the other (Neitz et al., 1999).”
From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz et al., 1999
In the citing paper
“X-chromosome opsin gene arrays underlying the dichromatic form, protanopia, either have a single opsin gene that encodes an M pigment, or have multiple genes in which the first two encode opsins that produce M pigments that are identical in spectra (Jagla, Jägle, Hayashi, Sharpe & Deeb, 2002, Nathans et al., 1986a, Neitz, Neitz, He & Shevell, 1999, Neitz et al., 2004).”
From The genetics of normal and defective color vision (2011) · cites this paper as Neitz, Neitz, He & Shevell, 1999
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 21
- Dartnall, H. J., Bowmaker, J. K. & Mollon, J. D. Human visual pigments: microspectrophotometric results from the eye of seven persons. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 220, 115–130 ( 1983). · DOI
- Merbs, S. L. & Nathans, J. Absorption spectra of the hybrid pigments responsible for anomalous color vision. Science 258, 464–466 (1992). · DOI
- Oprian, D. D., Asenjo, A. B., Lee, N. & Pelletier, S. L. Design, chemical synthesis, and expression of genes for the three human color vision pigments. Biochemistry 30, 11367– 11372 (1991). · DOI
- Mollon, J. D. "Tho' she kneel'd in that place where they grew..." The uses and origins of primate colour vision. J. Exp. Biol. 146, 21–38 (1989). · DOI
- Nathans, J., Thomas, D. & Hogness, D. S. Molecular genetics of human color vision: The genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments. Science 232 , 193–202 (1986). · DOI
- Neitz, J., Neitz, M. & Jacobs, G. H. More than three different cone pigments among people with normal color vision. Vision Res. 33, 117–122 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
- Winderickx, J. et al. Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching. Nature 356, 431– 433 (1992). · DOI
- Nathans, J., Piantanida, T. P., Eddy, R. L., Shows, T. B. & Hogness, D. S. Molecular genetics of inherited variation in human color vision. Science 232, 203–210 (1986). · DOI
- Asenjo, A. B., Rim, J. & Oprian, D. D. Molecular determinants of human red/green color discrimination. Neuron 12, 1131–1138 (1994). · DOI · Paper page
- Ibbotson, R. E., Hunt, D. M., Bowmaker, J. K. & Mollon, J. D. Sequence divergence and copy number of the middle- and long-wave photopigment genes in Old World monkey. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 247, 145–154 (1992). · DOI
- Merbs, S. L. & Nathans, J. Role of hydroxyl-bearing amino acids in differentially tuning the absorption spectra of the human red and green cone pigments. Photochem. Photobiol. 58, 706–710 (1993). · DOI
- Williams, A. J., Hunt, D. M., Bowmaker, J. K. & Mollon, J. D. The polymorphic photopigments of the marmoset: spectral tuning and genetic basis. EMBO J. 11, 2039– 2045 (1992). · DOI
- Neitz, M., Neitz, J. & Jacobs, G. H. Analysis of fusion gene and encoded photopigment of colour-blind humans. Nature 342, 679– 682 (1989). · DOI
- Neitz, J., Neitz, M. & Kainz, P. M. Visual pigment gene structure and the severity of human color vision defects. Science 274, 801– 804 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
- Neitz, M., Neitz, J. & Jacobs, G. H. Genetic basis of photopigment variations in human dichromats. Vision Res. 35, 2095–2103 (1995). · DOI
- Neitz, M. & Neitz, J. Numbers and ratios of visual pigment genes for normal red–green color vision. Science 267, 1013–1016 (1995). · DOI
- Neitz, M. & Neitz, J. in Color Vision: Perspectives from Different Disciplines (eds. Backhaus, W. G. K., Kliegl, R. & Werner, J. S.) 101–119 (de Gruyter, New York, 1998). · DOI
- Shevell, S. K. & He, J. C. in Colour Vision Deficiencies XIII (ed. Cavonius, C. R.) 45–58 (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 1997). · DOI
- He, J.C. & Shevell, S. K. Variation in color matching and discrimination among deuteranomalous trichromats: theoretical implications of small differences in photopigments. Vision Res. 35, 2579–2588 (1995). · DOI
- Shevell, S. K. & He, J. C. The visual photopigments of simple deuteranomalous trichromats inferred from color matching. Vision Res. 37, 1115–1127 (1997). · DOI
- Strutt, J. W. Experiments on colour. Nature 25, 64– 66 (1881). · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The genetics of normal and defective color vision
Neitz, J., & Neitz, M. (2011) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.002 · Cited by 377
Self-citationMcBee, J. K., Palczewski, K., Baehr, W., & Pepperberg, D. R. (2001) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(01)00002-7 · Cited by 366
Metadata
- Authors
- Neitz, J., Neitz, M., He, J. C., & Shevell, S. K.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 884-888
- ISSN
- 1097-6256
- 1546-1726
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
