The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relative impacts of human-induced climate change and natural climate variability
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Climate change 1992 : the supplementary report to the IPCC scientific assessment
Houghton, J. T., Callander, B. A., & Varney, S. (1992) · Cited by 1,990
Janetos, A. C., Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M. C., & Moss, R. H. (1997) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/2265930 · Cited by 1,580
Downscaling general circulation model output: a review of methods and limitations
Wilby, R. L., & Wigley, T. M. L. (1997) · Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/030913339702100403 · Cited by 1,480
(1998) · Cited by 1,332
Economic and environmental choices in the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations
Wigley, T. M. L., Richels, R., & Edmonds, J. A. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379240a0 · Cited by 972
Crop responses to carbon dioxide doubling: a literature survey
Cure, J. D., & Acock, B. (1986) · Agricultural and Forest Meteorology · doi:10.1016/0168-1923(86)90054-7 · Cited by 915
IPCC Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations
Carter, T. R., Parry, M. L., Harasawa, H., & Nishioka, S. (1994) · Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)) · Cited by 532
The effect of climate change on hydrological regimes in Europe: a continental perspective
Arnell, N. W. (1999) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/s0959-3780(98)00015-6 · Cited by 450
Self-citationA winter wheat crop simulation model without water or nutrient limitations
Weir, A. H., Bragg, P. L., Porter, J. R., & Rayner, J. H. (1984) · The Journal of Agricultural Science · doi:10.1017/s0021859600042702 · Cited by 446
The damage costs of climate change toward more comprehensive calculations
Tol, R. S. J. (1995) · Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1007/bf00691574 · Cited by 415
Cited by
Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy
Olesen, J. E., & Bindi, M. (2002) · European Journal of Agronomy · doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(02)00004-7 · Cited by 1,469
(2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,279
Sheffield, J., & Wood, E. F. (2008) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0340-z · Cited by 1,157
Threats to the running water ecosystems of the world
Malmqvist, B., & Rundle, S. (2002) · Environmental Conservation · doi:10.1017/s0376892902000097 · Cited by 1,047
A climate-change risk analysis for world ecosystems
Scholze, M., Knorr, W., Arnell, N. W., & Prentice, I. C. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601816103 · Cited by 756
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hulme, M., Barrow, E. M., Arnell, N. W., Harrison, P. A., Johns, T. C., & Downing, T. E.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 6721
- Pages
- 688-691
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1650123422
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 27.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Relative impacts of human-induced climate change and natural climate variability. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/17789
- The paper
- Hulme, M., Barrow, E. M., Arnell, N. W., Harrison, P. A., Johns, T. C., & Downing, T. E. (1999). Relative impacts of human-induced climate change and natural climate variability. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/17789
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
