Cited by 865Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchMemory and Neural MechanismsNeural dynamics and brain function

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The function of dream sleep

Crick, Francis, Mitchison, Graeme·1983·Nature

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We propose that the function of dream sleep (more properly rapid-eye movement or REM sleep) is to remove certain undesirable modes of interaction in networks of cells in the cerebral cortex. We postulate that this is done in REM sleep by a reverse learning mechanism (see also p. 158), so that the trace in the brain of the unconscious dream is weakened, rather than strengthened, by the dream.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/304111a0

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Ontogenetic Development of the Human Sleep-Dream Cycle: The prime role of "dreaming sleep" in early life may be in the development of the central nervous system.
Roffwarg, H. P., Muzio, J. N., & Dement, W. C. (1966) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.152.3722.604 · Cited by 1,559
The brain as a dream state generator: an activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process
Hobson, J. A., & McCarley, R. W. (1977) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335 · Cited by 984
Parallel models of associative memory
Hinton, G. E., & Anderson, J. A. (1981) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 927
The Effect of Dream Deprivation: The need for a certain amount of dreaming each night is suggested by recent experiments.
Dement, W. (1960) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.131.3415.1705 · Cited by 621
A mathematical theory of visual hallucination patterns
Ermentrout, B., & Cowan, J. D. (1979) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00336965 · Cited by 594
The Organization of the Cerebral Cortex.
Hawkes, A. G., Adelman, G., Dennis, S. G., Schmitt, F. O., & Warden, F. G. (1982) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529917 · Cited by 583
Associative Memory
Kohonen, T. (1977) · Communication and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-96384-1 · Cited by 469
Neural Assemblies
Palm, G. (1982) · Studies of brain function · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81792-2 · Cited by 457
‘Unlearning’ has a stabilizing effect in collective memories
Hopfield, J. J., Feinstein, D. I., & Palmer, R. G. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/304158a0 · Cited by 420
Neural Assemblies: An Alternative Approach to Artificial Intelligence
Palm, G. (1982) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 301

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 29 references

1 of the 29 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Hobson, J.A., McCarley, R.W. & Nelson, J.P. J. Neurophysiol. (in the press).
Allison, T. & Van Twyver, H. Nat. Hist. 79, 56–65 (1970).
Klein, M., Michel, F. & Jouvet, M. C.r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 158, 99–103 (1964).
Jouvet, M. Archs. ital. Biol. 100, 125–206 (1962).
Dewan, E.M. in Sleep and Dreaming (ed. Hartmann, E.) 295–307 (Little-Brown, Boston, 1970).
Hobson, J.A. in Brain Mechanisms and Perceptual Awareness (eds Pompeiano, O. & Marsan, C. A.) 379–404 (Raven, New York, 1981).
Dement, W. in Academy of Psychoanalysis: Science and Psychoanalysis Vol. 7 (ed. Masserman, J.) 129–184 (Grune and Stratton, New York, 1964).
Griffiths, M. The Biology of Monotremes (Academic, New York, 1978).
Allison, T., Van Twyner, H. & Goff, W.R. Archs. ital. biol. 110, 145–184 (1972).

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 863

Sleep’s role in the processing of unwanted memories: Sleep and processing of unwanted memories
FISCHER, S., DIEKELMANN, S., & BORN, J. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00881.x · Cited by 50
Doubly modifiable synapses: a model of short and long term auto-associative memory
Gardner-Medwin, A. R. (1989) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1989.0072 · Cited by 50
Are the effects of dream interpretation on session quality, insight, and emotions due to the dream itself, to projection, or to the interpretation process?
Hill, C. E., Diemer, R. A., Hess, S. A., Hillyer, A., & Seeman, R. (1993) · Dreaming · doi:10.1037/h0094385 · Cited by 50
Functional roles of REM sleep
Mukai, Y., & Yamanaka, A. (2022) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.009 · Cited by 56
The importance of REM sleep for brain maturation
Mirmiran, M., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (1993) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00088.x · Cited by 49
The Effects of an Afternoon Nap on Episodic Memory in Young and Older Adults
Scullin, M. K., Fairley, J. A., Decker, M. J., & Bliwise, D. L. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx035 · Cited by 54
Copying and Evolution of Neuronal Topology
Fernando, C., Karishma, K. K., & Szathmáry, E. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003775 · Cited by 47
Neuronal excitability control in health and disease: A neurophysiological comparison of REM sleep and epilepsy
Elazar, Z., & Hobson, J. A. (1985) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(85)90002-4 · Cited by 49
“Chasing the first high”: memory sampling in drug choice
Bornstein, A. M., & Pickard, H. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0594-2 · Cited by 51
Boltzmann Machines as Generalized Hopfield Networks: A Review of Recent Results and Outlooks
Marullo, C., & Agliari, E. (2020) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23010034 · Cited by 51
Single neuron burst firing in the human hippocampus during sleep
Staba, R. J., Wilson, C. L., Fried, I., & Engel, J. (2002) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.10026 · Cited by 48
Interhemispheric competition during sleep
Fenk, L. A., Riquelme, J. L., & Laurent, G. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05827-w · Cited by 46
Continuity in studying the continuity hypothesis of dreaming is needed
Schredl, M. (2012) · International journal of dream research · doi:10.11588/ijodr.2012.1.9306 · Cited by 47
Jungian personality typology and the recall of everyday and archetypal dreams.
Cann, D. R., & Donderi, D. C. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.50.5.1021 · Cited by 46
A life-sustaining function for REM sleep: A theory
Vertes, R. P. (1986) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(86)90002-3 · Cited by 47
Memory Maintenance via Neuronal Regulation
Horn, D., Levy, N., & Ruppin, E. (1998) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976698300017863 · Cited by 48
Catastrophic Forgetting and the Pseudorehearsal Solution in Hopfield-type Networks
Robins, A. V., & McCallum, S. (1998) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/095400998116530 · Cited by 49
Sleep loss alters synaptic and intrinsic neuronal properties in mouse prefrontal cortex
Winters, B. D., Huang, Y. H., Dong, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.078 · Cited by 45
Functional neural anatomy of talent
Kalbfleisch, M. L. (2004) · The Anatomical Record Part B The New Anatomist · doi:10.1002/ar.b.20010 · Cited by 47
A Research-Based Reconsideration of the Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreaming
Greenbérg, R., Katz, H. M., Schwartz, W. R., & PEARLMAN, C. A. (1992) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/000306519204000211 · Cited by 44
Dream bizarreness and inner thought.
States, B. O. (2000) · Dreaming · doi:10.1023/a:1009438406510 · Cited by 43
Involuntary memories of emotional scenes: The effects of cue discriminability and emotion over time.
Staugaard, S. R., & Berntsen, D. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0037185 · Cited by 45
Remembering to Forget: A Dual Role for Sleep Oscillations in Memory Consolidation and Forgetting
Langille, J. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00071 · Cited by 50
The differential roles of right and left sides of the brain in memory formation
Andrew, R. (1999) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00095-3 · Cited by 43
The Bootstrap Widrow-Hoff Rule as a Cluster-Formation Algorithm
Hinton, G. E., & Nowlan, S. J. (1990) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1990.2.3.355 · Cited by 43
The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes
Wright, C. J., Milosavljevic, S., & Pocivavsek, A. (2023) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100543 · Cited by 47
Further thoughts on the neurobiology of EMDR: The role of the cerebellum in accelerated information processing.
Bergmann, U. (2000) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476560000600303 · Cited by 44
Affect and dream work from an information processing point of view.
CARTWRIGHT, R. D. (1986) · The Journal of mind and behavior · Cited by 42
Do Brain Networks Evolve by Maximizing Their Information Flow Capacity?
Antonopoulos, C. G., Srivastava, S., Pinto, S. E. D. S., & Baptista, M. S. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004372 · Cited by 39
The Religious Content of Dreams: A New Scientific Foundation
Bulkeley, K. (2008) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-008-0180-8 · Cited by 41
The sequential hypothesis of sleep function. III. The structure of postacquisition sleep in learning and nonlearning rats
Ambrosini, M. V., LANGELLA, M., GIRONICARNEVALE, U., & Giuditta, A. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90134-n · Cited by 40
Increasing the efficiency of a neural network through unlearning
van Hemmen, J. L., Ioffe, L. B., Kühn, R., & Vaas, M. (1990) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/0378-4371(90)90345-s · Cited by 40
A New Hypothesis for Sleep: Tuning for Criticality
Pearlmutter, B. A., & Houghton, C. J. (2009) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2009.05-08-787 · Cited by 40
The consolidation of learning during sleep: comparing the pseudorehearsal and unlearning accounts
Robins, A. V., & McCallum, S. (1999) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00056-8 · Cited by 40
Collective Phenomena in Neural Networks
van Hemmen, J. L., & Kühn, R. (1995) · Physics of neural networks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79814-6_1 · Cited by 44
Toward a unified model of face and object recognition in the human visual system
Wallis, G. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00497 · Cited by 40
ERPs studies of cognitive processing during sleep
Ibáñez, A. M., Martín, R. S., Hurtado, E., & López, V. (2008) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207590802194234 · Cited by 40
Correlations using the NREM-REM sleep cycle frequency support distinct regulation mechanisms for REM and NREM sleep
Bon, O. L., Staner, L., Rivelli, S. K., Hoffmann, G., Pelc, I., & Linkowski, P. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00917.2001 · Cited by 39
Temporal binding at gamma frequencies in the brain: paving the way to epilepsy?
Medvedev, A. V. (2001) · Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03178284 · Cited by 39
Neuropeptide S Counteracts Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Sleep Disturbances
Xie, J.-F., Shao, Y.-F., Wang, H., Wang, C., Cui, G.-F., Kong, X., Wang, L., Chen, Y.-N., Cong, C.-Y., Chen, H.-L., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00064 · Cited by 38
The Von Sallmann Lecture 1996: An Ophthalmological Explanation of REM Sleep
Maurice, D. M. (1998) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1006/exer.1997.0444 · Cited by 38
Sleep and Memory Consolidation
Spencer, R. M. C., Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_13 · Cited by 38
On the impact of forgetting on learning machines
Freivalds, R., Kinber, E. B., & Smith, C. H. (1995) · Journal of the ACM · doi:10.1145/227683.227685 · Cited by 36
A mind to go out of: Reflections on primary and secondary consciousness
Hobson, A. J., & Voss, U. (2010) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2010.09.018 · Cited by 37
Effect of sleep on cerebral DNA synthesized during shuttle-box avoidance training
Giuditta, A., Ambrosini, M. V., Scaroni, R., Chiurulla, C., & Sadile, A. G. (1985) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(85)90376-2 · Cited by 37
Memory engram stability and flexibility
Zaki, Y., & Cai, D. J. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01979-z · Cited by 40
Circuit mechanisms and computational models of REM sleep
Héricé, C., Patel, A. A., & Sakata, S. (2018) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.003 · Cited by 40
REM-dependent repair of competitive memory suppression
Baran, B., Wilson, J. M., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2010) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2242-2 · Cited by 36
Decreased nonlinear complexity and chaos during sleep in first episode schizophrenia: a preliminary report
Keshavan, M. S., Cashmere, J. D., Miewald, J. M., & Yeragani, V. K. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.015 · Cited by 36
Humoral Regulation of Sleep
Kapás, L., Obál, F., & Krueger, J. M. (1993) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60570-x · Cited by 36
Regularization, early-stopping and dreaming: A Hopfield-like setup to address generalization and overfitting
Agliari, E., Alemanno, F., Aquaro, M., & Fachechi, A. (2024) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106389 · Cited by 42
Dreaming neural networks: rigorous results
Agliari, E., Alemanno, F., Barra, A., & Fachechi, A. (2019) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/ab371d · Cited by 37
Defective inhibition of dream event memory formation: a hypothesized mechanism in the onset and progression of symptoms of schizophrenia
Kelly, P. H. (1998) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00011-2 · Cited by 35
Proposed mechanism for learning and memory erasure in a white-noise-driven sleeping cortex
Steyn‐Ross, M. L., Steyn‐Ross, D. A., SLEIGH, J. W., Wilson, M. T., & Wilcocks, L. C. (2005) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.72.061910 · Cited by 35
Generalized Guerra’s interpolation schemes for dense associative neural networks
Agliari, E., Alemanno, F., Adriano Barra, A., & Fachechi, A. (2020) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2020.05.009 · Cited by 38
The functions of sleep: Further analysis
Cai, Z.-J. (1991) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90497-c · Cited by 35
Neuroendocrine and psychological effects of restricted environmental stimulation technique in a flotation tank
Schulz, P., & Kaspar, C.-H. (1994) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/0301-0511(94)90029-9 · Cited by 34
Human Sleep EEG Analysis Using the Correlation Dimension
Kobayashi, T., Madokoro, S., Wada, Y., Misaki, K., & Nakagawa, H. (2001) · Clinical Electroencephalography · doi:10.1177/155005940103200305 · Cited by 34
INTRODUCTION TO NEURAL NETWORKS
Clark, J. W. (1989) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-88035-2.50005-5 · Cited by 35
The stuff that dreams aren't made of: Why wake-state and dream-state sensory experiences differ
Symons, D. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90049-2 · Cited by 33
Origin of dreams: anticipation of modern theories in the philosophy and physiology of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Lavie, P., & Hobson, J. A. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 33
Sleep: Sleep the Beloved Teacher?
Hobson, J. A., & Stickgold, R. (1995) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00011-x · Cited by 32
Sequential learning in neural networks: A review and a discussion of pseudorehearsal based methods
Robins, A. V. (2004) · Intelligent Data Analysis · doi:10.3233/ida-2004-8306 · Cited by 32
Dreaming in Addiction: A Study on the Motivational Bases of Dreaming Processes
Colace, C. (2004) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2004.10773458 · Cited by 32
"Unlearning" increases the storage capacity of content addressable memories
Kleinfeld, D., & Pendergraft, D. B. (1987) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(87)83310-6 · Cited by 30
Self-organized phase transitions in neural networks as a neural mechanism of information processing.
Hoshino, O., Kashimori, Y., & Kambara, T. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3303 · Cited by 31
Consciousness in Dreaming A Metacognitive Approach
Kahan, T. L. (2001) · Scholar Commons (Santa Clara University) · Cited by 30
Foraging behaviour in fishes: perspectives on variance
Marcotte, B. M., & Browman, H. I. (1986) · Developments in environmental biology of fishes · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1158-6_2 · Cited by 30
Both slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep contribute to emotional memory consolidation
Yüksel, Ç., Denis, D., Coleman, J., Ren, B., Oh, A., Cox, R., Morgan, A., Sato, E., & Stickgold, R. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07868-5 · Cited by 46
Overview of Normal Sleep
Chokroverty, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_2 · Cited by 34
Does Sleep Really Influence Face Recognition Memory?
Sheth, B. R., Nguyen, N. T. T., & Janvelyan, D. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005496 · Cited by 29
Neurophysiological Basis of Sleep’s Function on Memory and Cognition
Spencer, R. M. C. (2013) · ISRN Physiology · doi:10.1155/2013/619319 · Cited by 30
California Women and Their Dreams: A Historical and Sub-Cultural Comparison of Dream Content
Tonay, V. K. (1990) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/m29j-qqtb-nmyd-qp1f · Cited by 28
Learning cortical representations through perturbed and adversarial dreaming
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M. A., Senn, W., & Jordan, J. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76384 · Cited by 28
Depth psychology and self-deception
Lockie, R. (2003) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/0951508032000067707 · Cited by 27
Meteorite or gemstone? Dreaming as one end of a continuum of functioning: Implications for research and for the use of dreams in therapy and self-knowledge.
Hartmann, E. L. (2010) · Dreaming · doi:10.1037/a0020575 · Cited by 27
Is Alzheimer's disease related to a deficit or malfunction of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?
Christos, G. A. (1993) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(93)90121-6 · Cited by 27
'Ordered' spin glass: a hierarchical memory machine
Dotsdernko, V. S. (1985) · Journal of Physics C Solid State Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3719/18/31/008 · Cited by 27
Sleep and Dreaming in the Predictive Processing Framework
Bucci, A., & Grasso, M. (2017) · Iris (Roma Tre University) · doi:10.15502/9783958573079 · Cited by 27
Sleep and dreaming in the light of reactive and predictive homeostasis
Simor, P., Peigneux, P., & Bódizs, R. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105104 · Cited by 34
Spin glass states of the anti-Hopfield model
Nokura, K. (1998) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General · doi:10.1088/0305-4470/31/37/007 · Cited by 27
CONNEGTIONISM AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
Olds, D. D. (1994) · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association · doi:10.1177/000306519404200211 · Cited by 27
Disasters and mental health: New challenges for the psychiatric profession
López-Ibor, J. J. (2006) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622970500428735 · Cited by 25
Recognition of general patterns using neural networks
Wong, A. (1988) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00361344 · Cited by 25
Opposite effect of motivated forgetting on sleep spindles during stage 2 and slow wave sleep
Dehnavi, F., Moghimi, S., Haghighi, S. S., Safaie, M., & Ghorbani, M. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz085 · Cited by 24
Augmented generation of protein fragments during wakefulness as the molecular cause of sleep: a hypothesis
Varshavsky, A. J. (2012) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.2148 · Cited by 25
“Virtual input” phenomena within the death of a simple pattern associator
Thaler, S. L. (1995) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/0893-6080(94)00065-t · Cited by 24
The developmental decrease in REM sleep
García‐Rill, E., Kobayashi, T., & Good, C. (2003) · Thalamus & Related Systems · doi:10.1016/s1472-9288(03)00005-0 · Cited by 24
Activation of Phasic Pontine Wave (P-Wave): a Mechanism of Learning and Memory Processing
Datta, S., & Patterson, E. H. (2003) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198574002.003.0008 · Cited by 24
Auditory hallucinations, inner speech, and the dominant hemisphere
Flor-Henry, P. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00046860 · Cited by 23
Not a HOT Dream
Sebastián, M. Á. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6001-1_29 · Cited by 24
Supervised perceptron learning vs unsupervised Hebbian unlearning: Approaching optimal memory retrieval in Hopfield-like networks
Benedetti, M., Ventura, E., Marinari, E., Ruocco, G., & Zamponi, F. (2022) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0084219 · Cited by 22
Learning cortical representations through perturbed and adversarial dreaming.
Deperrois, N., Petrovici, M. A., Senn, W., & Jordan, J. (2022) · doi:10.48350/169088 · Cited by 24
An Overview of Normal Sleep
Chokroverty, S. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-7584-0.00002-1 · Cited by 23
Hebbian learning, its correlation catastrophe, and unlearning
van Hemmen, J. L. (1997) · Network Computation in Neural Systems · doi:10.1088/0954-898x_8_3_001 · Cited by 24
Grow-and-Learn: An Incremental Method for Category Learning
Alpaydm, E. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0643-3_69 · Cited by 23
What are the neural mechanisms and physiological functions of dreams?
Tsunematsu, T. (2023) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.017 · Cited by 22
An Overview of Sleep
Chokroverty, S. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-9002-7.50007-0 · Cited by 22
Collective Phenomena in Neural Networks
van Hemmen, J. L., & Kühn, R. (1991) · Physics of neural networks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-97171-6_1 · Cited by 22
Foraging behaviour in fishes: perspectives on variance
Marcotte, B. M., & Browman, H. I. (1986) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1007/bf00005157 · Cited by 22

Authors: Crick, F., & Mitchison, G.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
ORCID: Mitchison, Graeme
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1983-07
Volume: 304
Issue: 5922
Pages: 111-114
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/304111a0
OpenAlex: W2044707217
Cited by: 865
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 18.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Profiles in Science (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: REM sleep, dream function, cerebral cortex, neural network interactions, reverse learning
MeSH terms: Cerebral Cortex, Dreams, Humans, Models, Psychological, Neurons, Sleep, REM, Synapses

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The function of dream sleep

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks