Cited by 1,886Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthLipid metabolism and disordersCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

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cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen

McLean, John W., Tomlinson, James E., Kuang, Wun-Jing, Eaton, Dan L., Chen, Ellson Y., Fless, Gunther M., Scanu, Angelo M., Lawn, Richard M.·1987·Nature

DOI 10.1038/330132a0

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Abstract

Lipoprotein(a) is an LDL-like lipoprotein whose concentration in plasma is correlated with atherosclerosis. The characteristic protein component of lipoprotein(a) is apolipoprotein(a) which is disulphide-linked to apolipoprotein B-100. Sequencing of cloned human apolipoprotein(a) complementary DNA shows that it is very similar to human plasminogen. It contains a serine protease domain and two types of plasminogen-like kringle domains, one of which is present in 37 copies.

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Quantitative Evaluation of the Contribution of Weak Lysine-binding Sites Present within Apolipoprotein(a) Kringle IV Types 6–8 to Lipoprotein(a) Assembly
Becker, L., Cook, P. M., Wright, T. G., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m309414200 · Cited by 50
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Lipoprotein(a) in Patients With Acute Cerebral Ischemia
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Fless, G. M., Pfaffinger, D., Eisenbart, J., et al. (1990) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42790-7 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Interaction of a recombinant form of apolipoprotein[a] with human fibroblasts and with the human hepatoma cell line HepG2
Tam, S. P., Zhang, X., & Koschinsky, M. L. (1996) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37595-7 · Cited by 44
Is lipoprotein(a) a predictor for survival in patients with established coronary artery disease? Results from a prospective patient cohort study in northern Sweden
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Probing structure-function relationships of tissue-type plasminogen activator by site-specific mutagenesis
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Isolation, quantitation, and characterization of a stable complex formed by Lp[a] binding to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
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“... the presence of apo[a] in plasma and particular indicators of coronary heart disease (2, 3). Subsequent isolation, purification, and characterization of Lp[a] showed that it differed from LDL by the presence of the unique, polymorphic, high molecular weight, apo[a] protein that was disulfide linked to apoB-100 (4,…”
Lp(a) Particles Mold Fibrin-Binding Properties of Apo(a) in Size-Dependent Manner
Kang, C., Domínguez, M., Loyau, S., Miyata, T., Durlach, V., & Anglés‐Cano, E. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000021144.87870.c8 · Cited by 49
Apolipoprotein (a) alleles determine lipoprotein (a) particle density and concentration in plasma.
Kraft, H. G., Sandholzer, C., Menzel, H.-J., & Utermann, G. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.3.302 · Cited by 49
Lipoprotein Lp(a) and Atherothrombotic Disease
de la Peña-Dı́az, A., Izaguirre-Ávila, R., & Anglés‐Cano, E. (2000) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00084-9 · Cited by 48
Reduced serum lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Gregory, W. L., Game, F. L., Farrer, M., Idle, J. R., Laker, M. F., & James, O. (1994) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)90006-x · Cited by 49
The effect of hormone replacement therapy and route of administration on selected cardiovascular risk factors in post-menopausal women
Seed, M. (2000) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/17.6.497 · Cited by 48
Comparison of ligand-binding sites of modeled apo[a] kringle-like sequences in human lipoprotein[a].
Guevara, J., Jan, A. Y., Knapp, R. D., Tulinsky, A., & Morrisett, J. D. (1993) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.13.5.758 · Cited by 50
“Several assumptions were made in developing the molecular graphic models of the apo[a] kringle-like sequences that are based on the amino acid sequence of apo[a] inferred from the cDNA sequence.(14) This sequence indicates that the apo[a] polymorph contains 11 different types of kringle-like repeats and that 10 of the…”
Background
Plasminogen activator activities of equimolar complexes of streptokinase with variant recombinant plasminogens
Davidson, D. J., Higgins, D. L., & Castellino, F. J. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00466a023 · Cited by 49
Lipoprotein (a) as a predictor of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men
Seed, M., Ayres, K. L., Humphries, S. E., & Miller, G. J. (2001) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00652-5 · Cited by 49
Lipoprotein(a) as a correlate of stroke and transient ischemic attack prevalence in a biracial cohort: The ARIC study
Schreiner, P. J., Chambless, L. E., Brown, S. A., Watson, R. L., Toole, J. F., & HEISS, G. M. (1994) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90068-x · Cited by 48
Localization of apolipoprotein(a) and B-100 in various renal diseases
Sato, H., Suzuki, S., Ueno, M., et al. (1993) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1993.63 · Cited by 49
Apolipoprotein(a) deposition in atherosclerotic plaques of cerebral vessels. A potential role for endothelial cells in lesion formation.
Jamieson, D. G., Usher, D. C., Rader, D. J., & Lavi, E. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 49
Type II Domains of BSP-A1/-A2 Proteins: Binding Properties, Lipid Efflux, and Sperm Capacitation Potential
Moreau, R. A., Thérien, I., Lazure, C., et al. (1998) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8513 · Cited by 48
The seventh myth of lipoprotein(a)
Dieplinger, H., & Utermann, G. (1999) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/00041433-199906000-00010 · Cited by 48
Effect of Lp(a) on the Early Functional and Structural Changes of Atherosclerosis
Raitakari, O. T., Adams, M. R., & Celermajer, D. S. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.4.990 · Cited by 47
Automated measurement of lipoprotein(a) by immunoturbidimetric analysis
Levine, D. M., Sloan, B., Donner, J. E., Lorenz, J. D., & Heinzerling, R. H. (1992) · International Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Research · doi:10.1007/bf02591419 · Cited by 47
“Lp(a) contains apolipoprotein B-100 [apo B, the major apolipoprotein of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] and apolipoprotein (a) [apo (a)], which is structurally similar to plasminogen [14, 32 ].”
Background
Plasma lipoprotein distribution of apolipoprotein(a) in the fed and fasted states
Cohn, J. S., Lam, C. W. K., SULLIVAN, D. R., & Hensley, W. J. (1991) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(91)90244-w · Cited by 48
Expression, purification and characterization of the recombinant kringle 2 and kringle 3 domains of human plasminogen and analysis of their binding affinity for ω‐aminocarboxylic acids
Marti, D. N., Schaller, J., Ochensberger, B., et al. (1994) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19959.x · Cited by 48
Lipoprotein(a) binding to other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins
Trieu, V. N., & McConathy, W. J. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00477a006 · Cited by 48
Atherothrombogenicity of lipoprotein(a): the debate
Scanu, A. M. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00733-4 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Occlusive arterial thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys with varying plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a).
Williams, J. K., Bellinger, D. A., Nichols, T. C., Griggs, T. R., Bumol, T. F., Fouts, R., & Clarkson, T. B. (1993) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.13.4.548 · Cited by 47
Variation in the size of human apolipoprotein(a) is due to a hypervariable region in the gene
Lindahl, G. E., Gersdorf, E., Menzel, H. J., et al. (1990) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00210810 · Cited by 48
“times in the repor ted apo(a) c D N A (McLean et al. 1987)”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Lipoprotein(a)
Kronenberg, F. (2021) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2021_504 · Cited by 54
“The apo(a) glycoprotein has a high degree of homology to plasminogen (McLean et al. 1987) suggesting that Lp(a) might not only be a link between the cholesterol transport system in plasma and the fibrinolytic system but may also act as a modulator of the balance between blood clotting and…”
Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease: sifting the evidence to guide future research
Kamstrup, P. R., Neely, R. D. G., Nissen, S. E., Landmesser, U., Haghikia, A., Costa‐Scharplatz, M., Abbas, C. A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae032 · Cited by 48
Identification of a Critical Lysine Residue in Apolipoprotein B-100 That Mediates Noncovalent Interaction with Apolipoprotein(a)
Becker, L., McLeod, R. S., Marcovina, S. M., Yao, Z., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m104789200 · Cited by 47
Lipoprotein(a) level and apolipoprotein(a) phenotype as predictors of long-term cardiovascular outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting
Владиславович, Е. М., Safarova, M. S., Afanasieva, O. I., Kukharchuk, V. V., & Pokrovsky, S. N. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.944 · Cited by 47
“Apo(a) has high structural resemblance to plasminogen [5].”
Background
Identification of glycoprotein IIb as the lipoprotein(a)-binding protein on platelets. Lipoprotein(a) binding is independent of an arginyl-glycyl-aspartate tripeptide located in apolipoprotein(a).
Malle, E., Ibovnik, A., Stienmetz, A., et al. (1994) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.3.345 · Cited by 47
“A survey of the amino acid sequence of apo(a) revealed the RGD sequence located at position 3879 to 3881.(12) The presence of this tripeptide initiated the present study to investigate the interaction of Lp(a) with human blood platelets, particularly with the GPIIbHla complex.”
Background
Lipoprotein (a) is a substrate for factor XIIIa and tissue transglutaminase.
Borth, W., Chang, V. T.-S., Bishop, P. D., et al. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55248-0 · Cited by 47
In search of a biological pattern for human longevity: Impact of apo A-IV genetic polymorphisms on lipoproteins and the hyper-Lp(a) in centenarians
Pepe, G., Perna, V., Resta, F., Lovecchio, M., Chimienti, G., Colacicco, A. M., & Capurso, C. A. (1998) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00290-6 · Cited by 47
“7 locus and the cDNA cloned and sequenced [23].”
Background
Diagnosis and Management of Familial Dyslipoproteinemia in Children and Adolescents
Kwiterovich, P. O. (1990) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)37021-3 · Cited by 47
Preparation of a stable fresh frozen primary lipoprotein[a] (Lp[a]) standard
Kostner, G. M., Ibovnik, A., Holzer, H., & Grillhofer, H. (1999) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)32100-3 · Cited by 46
Effect of weight loss on serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations in an obese population
Corsetti, J. P., Sterry, J. A., Sparks, J. D., et al. (1991) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/37.7.1191 · Cited by 46
“More recently, apo(a) has been shown to have striking sequence homology with plasminogen (5, 6).”
Background
Effects of Exercise on Lipoprotein(a)
MACKINNON, L. T., & Hubinger, L. M. (1999) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199928010-00002 · Cited by 46
Impact of Apolipoprotein(a) on In Vitro Angiogenesis
Schulter, V., Koolwijk, P., Peters, E., et al. (2001) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.21.3.433 · Cited by 46
Apolipoprotein [a] genotype influences isoform dominance pattern differently in African Americans and Caucasians
Rubin, J., Paultre, F., Tuck, C. H., Holleran, S., Reed, R. G., Pearson, T. A., Thomas, C. M., Ramakrishnan, R., & Berglund, L. (2002) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30165-6 · Cited by 46
“Each Lp[a] particle contains one molecule of apo[a], which has a number of size isoforms due to a variable number of kringle 4 (K4) repeats, so called because of their resemblance to the K4 domain of plasminogen ( 12 ).”
Oxidized lipoprotein (a) induces cell adhesion molecule Mac-1 (CD 11b) and enhances adhesion of the monocytic cell line U937 to cultured endothelial cells
Ragab, M., Selvaraj, P., & Sgoutas, D. S. (1996) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05790-0 · Cited by 46
High-Level Expression of Various Apolipoprotein (a) Isoforms by "Transferrinfection": The Role of Kringle IV Sequences in the Extracellular Association with Low-Density Lipoprotein
Frank, S., Krasznai, K., Durovic, S., et al. (1994) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00206a041 · Cited by 46
“A 298-bp EcoRI-BamHI fragment isolated from A 18 cDNA (McLean et al., 1987) encoding the 5'-untranslated region, signal sequence, and 216 bp of kringle IV-1 repeat of apo(a) was fused to a 2024-bp BamHI-EcoRI fragment isolated from A41 cDNA (McLean et al., 1987) encompassing the last 117 bp of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein(a) gene and their relationship to allele size and plasma lipoprotein(a) concentration
Puckey, L. (1997) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/6.7.1099 · Cited by 46
“Apo(a) occurs in >30 differently sized isoforms resulting from different numbers of a repeated sequence homologous to the fourth of the triple-looped ‘Kringle’ structures found in plasminogen (3).”
Background
Polymorphonuclear Cells Isolated from Human Peripheral Blood Cleave Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein(a) at Multiple Interkringle Sites via the Enzyme Elastase
Edelstein, C., Italia, J. A., & Scanu, A. M. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11079 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Expression of human apolipoprotein B90 in transgenic mice. Demonstration that apolipoprotein B90 lacks the structural requirements to form lipoprotein.
McCormick, S. P. A., Linton, M. F., Hobbs, H. H., et al. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)51079-1 · Cited by 46
Sequence polymorphism in kringle IV 37 in linkage disequilibrium with the apolipoprotein (a) size polymorphism
Kraft, H. G., Haibach, C., Lingenhel, A., Brunner, C., Trommsdorff, M., Kronenberg, F., M�ller, H. J., & Utermann, G. (1995) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00225193 · Cited by 46
“The primers [upper (A): 5"-CGATACAGGCCCTTGGTGTTTTACCG, lower (B): 5" -GCCCTAGGCTTGGAACCTGGATG;] were derived from the published apo(a) cDNA sequence [position 12579-127091 (McLean et al. 1987) employing the OLIGO program (Medprobe, Norway) to obtain specific amplification of the apo(a) K-IV 37.”
BackgroundMethod
Development and validation of an isoform-independent monoclonal antibody–based ELISA for measurement of lipoprotein(a)
Marcovina, S. M., Navabi, N., Allen, S., Gonen, A., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2022) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100239 · Cited by 47
“KIV9 contains 114 amino acids (including interkringle regions), but it is highly homologous to all other kringles, except at amino acids 89–114 where modest variability exists allowing for the generation of monoclonal antibodies (4).”
Background
Lipoprotein(a), polymorphisms in the LPA gene, and incident venous thromboembolism among 21 483 women
Danik, J. S., Buring, J. E., Chasman, D. I., Zee, R. Y. L., Ridker, P. M., & Glynn, R. J. (2012) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12056 · Cited by 45
Lipoprotein (a), metabolic syndrome and coronary calcium score in a large occupational cohort
Sung, K.-C., Wild, S. H., & Byrne, C. D. (2013) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.02.009 · Cited by 44
“Since the original sequencing of the apo(a) cDNA showing high homology with plasminogen [2], and the characterization of the apo(a)/plasminogen gene cluster on chromosome 6 [3], there has been a considerable interest in this enigmatic apolipoprotein that potentially links altered fibrinolysis, a procoagulant phenotype…”
Background
Immunosorbent for Selective Removal of Lipoprotein (a) from Human Plasma: In Vitro Study
Pokrovsky, S. N., Adamova, I. Y., & Afanasieva, O. I. (1991) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.1991.tb00771.x · Cited by 45
Diagnostic value of CRP and Lp(a) in coronary heart disease
Erbağcı, A. B., Tarakçıoğlu, M., Aksoy, M. F., Kocabaş, R., Nacak, M., Aynacıoğlu, A. Ş., & Sivrikoz, C. (2002) · Acta Cardiologica · doi:10.2143/ac.57.3.2005389 · Cited by 44
Effects of lipoprotein(a) on the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation by fibrin-bound tissue-type plasminogen activator
Anglés‐Cano, E., Hervio, L., Rouy, D., Fournier, C., Chapman, J., Laplaud, M., & Koschinsky, M. L. (1994) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/0009-3084(94)90159-7 · Cited by 44
Immunological evidence for the accumulation of lipoprotein(a) in the atherosclerotic lesion of the hypoascorbemic guinea pig.
Rath, M., & Pauling, L. C. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9388 · Cited by 45
Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease risk
Marcovina, S. M., Hegele, R. A., & Koschinsky, M. L. (1999) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-999-0067-z · Cited by 45
“Apolipoprotein(a) shares a high degree of structural homology with the fibrinolytic proenzyme plasminogen [9] and is a member of the plasminogen gene superfamily.”
Background
Lp(a) concentration and apo(a) isoform size. Relation to the presence of coronary artery disease in familial hypercholesterolemia.
Bowden, J.-F., Pritchard, P. H., Hill, J. S., et al. (1994) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.10.1561 · Cited by 45
Effects of Estrus Cycle, Ovariectomy, and Treatment with Estrogen, Tamoxifen, and Progesterone on Apolipoprotein(a) Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice
Zysow, B. R., Kauser, K. Z., Lawn, R. M., et al. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.9.1741 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Medical Perspective Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Unifying 'Membrane Stress Syndrome' Hypothesis
Ames, P. R. J. (1994) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339400300503 · Cited by 42
Distribution of apolipoprotein(a) in the plasma from patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency and with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. No evidence for a triglyceride-rich precursor of lipoprotein(a).
Sandholzer, C., Feussner, G., Brunzell, J., et al. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116074 · Cited by 45
Lipoprotein(a) and atherogenesis
Liu, A. C., & Lawn, R. M. (1994) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/1050-1738(94)90024-8 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Coronary artery disease is associated with increased lipoprotein(a) concentrations independent of the size of circulating apolipoprotein(a) isoforms.
Farrer, M., Game, F. L., Albers, C., et al. (1994) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.8.1272 · Cited by 45
Developing an SI-traceable Lp(a) reference measurement system: a pilgrimage to selective and accurate apo(a) quantification
Diederiks, N. M., van der Burgt, Y. E. M., Ruhaak, L. R., & Cobbaert, C. M. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.1080/10408363.2023.2199353 · Cited by 45
“LPA has evolved from PLG through duplications, deletions, and conversions [49,50].”
Background
Molecular Nutrition Fats
Enkhmaa, B., & Berglund, L. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811297-7.00013-5 · Cited by 44
Impact of SMTP Targeting Plasminogen and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase on Thrombolysis, Inflammation, and Ischemic Stroke
Hasumi, K., & Suzuki, E. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22020954 · Cited by 44
“The basis of this theory was that (i) binding of plasminogen to fibrin or the cell surface is crucial for its activation to plasmin [44]; (ii) lipoprotein(a), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis [45], competes with plasminogen for binding to fibrin and the cell surface [46]; and (iii) regulat…”
Background
Human apolipoprotein(a) kringle V inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by interfering with the activation of focal adhesion kinases
Kim, J.-S., Yu, H.-K., Ahn, J.-H., et al. (2003) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.148 · Cited by 44
Lipoprotein(a) in endurance athletes, power athletes, and sedentary controls
Halle, M., Berg, A., STEIN, T. V., Baumstark, M. W., NIG, D. K., & Keul, J. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199608000-00004 · Cited by 41
Lipoprotein (a) displays increased accumulation compared with low-density lipoprotein in the murine arterial wall
Kreuzer, J., Lloyd, M. B., Bok, D., Fless, G. M., Scanu, A. M., Lusis, A. J., & Haberland, M. E. (1994) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/0009-3084(94)90137-6 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Relative Contributions of Apolipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein-B to the Development of Fatty Lesions in the Proximal Aorta of Mice
Mancini, F. P., Newland, D., Mooser, V., Murata, J., Marcovina, S. M., Young, S. G., Hammer, R. E., Sanan, D. A., & Hobbs, H. H. (1995) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.15.11.1911 · Cited by 44
Lipoprotein(a) in the Year 2024: A Look Back and a Look Ahead
Tsimikas, S. (2024) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.124.319483 · Cited by 44
“6 However, the LPA gene differed from the PLG gene in lacking functional protease activity, suggesting it could act as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis.”
Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease
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Experimental Animal Models Evaluating the Causal Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Atherosclerosis and Aortic Stenosis
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Authors: McLean, J. W., Tomlinson, J. E., Kuang, W.-J., Eaton, D. L., Chen, E. Y., Fless, G. M., Scanu, A. M., & Lawn, R. M.
Affiliations: Genentech (US)
University of Chicago (US)
ORCID: Eaton, Dan L.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1987-11
Volume: 330
Issue: 6144
Pages: 132-137
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/330132a0
OpenAlex: W2036170644
Cited by: 1,886
References: 1
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 94.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: apolipoprotein(a), plasminogen, lipoprotein(a), cDNA sequence, sequence homology, serine protease domain, kringle domains, apolipoprotein B-100, atherosclerosis
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Apolipoproteins A, Base Sequence, DNA, Biological Evolution, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Plasminogen, Protein Conformation, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

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cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen

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