The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The importance of repairing stalled replication forks
Abstract
The bacterial SOS response to unusual levels of DNA damage has been recognized and studied for several decades. Pathways for re-establishing inactivated replication forks under normal growth conditions have received far less attention. In bacteria growing aerobically in the absence of SOS-inducing conditions, many replication forks encounter DNA damage, leading to inactivation. The pathways for fork reactivation involve the homologous recombination systems, are nonmutagenic, and integrate almost every aspect of DNA metabolism. On a frequency-of-use basis, these pathways represent the main function of bacterial DNA recombination systems, as well as the main function of a number of other enzymatic systems that are associated with replication and site-specific recombination.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Unrepaired fork gaps can become frank DSB [24, 61, 62].”
From NER initiation factors, DDB2 and XPC, regulate UV radiation response by recruiting ATR and ATM kinases to DNA damage sites (2013) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
Cites
Mammalian Telomeres End in a Large Duplex Loop
Griffith, J. D., Comeau, L., Rosenfield, S., Stansel, R. M., Bianchi, A., Moss, H., & de Lange, T. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80760-6 · Cited by 2,447
An alternative pathway for yeast telomere maintenance rescues est1− senescence
Lundblad, V., & Blackburn, E. H. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90234-h · Cited by 942
Recombinational Repair of DNA Damage in Escherichia coli and Bacteriophage λ
Kuzminov, A. (1999) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.63.4.751-813.1999 · Cited by 897
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECOMBINATION-DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K12
Clark, A. J., & Margulies, A. D. (1965) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.53.2.451 · Cited by 835
MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 DEFECTIVE IN DNA REPAIR AND IN GENETIC RECOMBINATION
Howard-Flanders, P., & Theriot, L. (1966) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/53.6.1137 · Cited by 629
RuvAB Acts at Arrested Replication Forks
Seigneur, M., Bidnenko, V., Ehrlich, S. D., & Michel, B. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81772-9 · Cited by 538
UmuD′ 2 C is an error-prone DNA polymerase, Escherichia coli pol V
Tang, M., Shen, X., Frank, E. G., O’Donnell, M. E., Woodgate, R., & Goodman, M. F. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.8919 · Cited by 537
Self-citationKogoma, T. (1997) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.61.2.212-238.1997 · Cited by 525
The dinB Gene Encodes a Novel E. coli DNA Polymerase, DNA Pol IV, Involved in Mutagenesis
Wagner, J. E., Grúz, P., Kim, S.-R., Yamada, M., Matsui, K., Fuchs, R. P., & Nohmi, T. (1999) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80376-7 · Cited by 474
DNA double‐strand breaks caused by replication arrest
Michel, B., Ehrlich, S. D., & Uzest, M. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.2.430 · Cited by 426
Malkova, A., Ivanov, E. L., & Haber, J. E. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.14.7131 · Cited by 424
DNA recombination: the replication connection
Haber, J. E. (1999) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01413-9 · Cited by 412
Le, S., Moore, J. K., Haber, J. E., & Greider, C. W. (1999) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/152.1.143 · Cited by 409
Collapse and repair of replication forks in Escherichia coli
Kuzminov, A. (1995) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02403.x · Cited by 363
Anderson, D. G., & Kowalczykowski, S. C. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80315-3 · Cited by 324
Marians, K. J. (1992) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.003325 · Cited by 316
Self-citationFormosa, T., & Alberts, B. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90522-2 · Cited by 251
Kaguni, J. M., & Kornberg, A. (1984) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90539-7 · Cited by 240
Chromosome Break-Induced DNA Replication Leads to Nonreciprocal Translocations and Telomere Capture
Bosco, G., & Haber, J. E. (1998) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/150.3.1037 · Cited by 220
Courcelle, J., Carswell-Crumpton, C., & Hanawalt, P. C. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3714 · Cited by 218
Recombinational DNA Repair in Bacteria and the RecA Protein
Cox, M. M. (1999) · Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60726-6 · Cited by 217
Self-citationRole of PriA in Replication Fork Reactivation in Escherichia coli
Sandler, S. J., & Marians, K. J. (2000) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.182.1.9-13.2000 · Cited by 213
Self-citation“Break Copy” Duplication: A Model for Chromosome Fragment Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Morrow, D. M., Connelly, C. J., & Hieter, P. (1997) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/147.2.371 · Cited by 207
Grell, R. F. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2133-0 · Cited by 203
Tang, M., Bruck, I., Eritja, R., Turner, J., Frank, E. G., Woodgate, R., O’Donnell, M. E., & Goodman, M. F. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.9755 · Cited by 202
Self-citationThe DNA replication protein PriA and the recombination protein RecG bind D-loops
McGlynn, P., Al-Deib, A. A., Liu, J., Marians, K. J., & Lloyd, R. G. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1120 · Cited by 198
Self-citationHomologous Genetic Recombination: The Pieces Begin to Fall into Place
Clark, A. J., & Sandler, S. J. (1994) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.3109/10408419409113552 · Cited by 197
Self-citationRECOMBINATION AND RECOMBINATION-DEPENDENT DNA REPLICATION IN BACTERIOPHAGE T4
Mosig, G. (1998) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.32.1.379 · Cited by 196
Kogoma, T., Cadwell, G. W., Barnard, K. G., & Asai, T. (1996) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.178.5.1258-1264.1996 · Cited by 180
Levels of chromosomally encoded Umu proteins and requirements for in vivo UmuD cleavage
Woodgate, R., & Ennis, D. G. (1991) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/bf00264207 · Cited by 175
Sandler, S. J., Samra, H. S., & Clark, A. J. (1996) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/143.1.5 · Cited by 173
Self-citationThe cytoplasmic domain of FtsK protein is required for resolution of chromosome dimers
Steiner, W. W., Liu, G., Donachie, W. D., & Kuempel, P. L. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01198.x · Cited by 167
A model for a umuDC -dependent prokaryotic DNA damage checkpoint
Opperman, T. J., Murli, S., Smith, B. T., & Walker, G. C. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9218 · Cited by 166
Inactivation of the Escherichia coli priA DNA replication protein induces the SOS response
Nurse, P., Zavitz, K. H., & Marians, K. J. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.21.6686-6693.1991 · Cited by 159
Self-citationChen, C. C., Umezu, K., & Kolodner, R. D. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80109-4 · Cited by 157
Rangarajan, S., Woodgate, R., & Goodman, M. F. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9224 · Cited by 153
Self-citationLuder, A., & Mosig, G. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.4.1101 · Cited by 148
Kogoma, T. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81229-5 · Cited by 133
THE U.V. SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA: ITS RELATION TO THE DNA REPLICATION CYCLE
Hanawalt, P. C. (1966) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1966.tb05756.x · Cited by 131
A broadening view of recombinational DNA repair in bacteria
Cox, M. M. (1998) · Genes to Cells · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00175.x · Cited by 131
Self-citationReplication fork assembly at recombination intermediates is required for bacterial growth
Liu, J., Xu, L., Sandler, S. J., & Marians, K. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3552 · Cited by 130
Self-citationPriA-directed Assembly of a Primosome on D Loop DNA
Liu, J., & Marians, K. J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.35.25033 · Cited by 117
Self-citationFtsK‐dependent and ‐independent pathways of Xer site‐specific recombination
Recchia, G. D., Aroyo, M., Wolf, D., Blakely, G., & Sherratt, D. J. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.20.5724 · Cited by 113
Self-citationSteiner, W. W., & Kuempel, P. L. (1998) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.180.23.6269-6275.1998 · Cited by 107
Cordeiro‐Stone, M., Makhov, A. M., Zaritskaya, L., & Griffith, J. D. (1999) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2847 · Cited by 102
Double-strand end repair via the RecBC pathway in Escherichia coli primes DNA replicationPreprint
Kuzminov, A., & Stahl, F. W. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.3.345 · Cited by 101
Sandler, S. J., Marians, K. J., Zavitz, K. H., Coutu, J., Parent, M. A., & Clark, A. J. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01576.x · Cited by 95
Self-citationDegradation of individual chromosomes in recA mutants of Escherichia coli
Skarstad, K., & Boye, E. (1993) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.175.17.5505-5509.1993 · Cited by 92
Cell division is required for resolution of dimer chromosomes at the dif locus of Escherichia coli
Steiner, W. W., & Kuempel, P. L. (1998) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00651.x · Cited by 90
Mechanism of E. coli RecA protein directed strand exchanges in post-replication repair of DNA
West, S. C., Cassuto, E., & Howard-Flanders, P. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/294659a0 · Cited by 82
RecG helicase activity at three- and four-strand DNA structures
McGlynn, P., & Lloyd, R. G. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.15.3049 · Cited by 82
Instability of inhibited replication forks in E. coli
Kuzminov, A. (1995) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.950170810 · Cited by 81
A Replicator’s View of Recombination (and Repair)
Skalka, A. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2133-0_37 · Cited by 77
Pathways for Homologous Recombination Between Chromosomal Direct Repeats in Salmonella typhimurium
Galitski, T., & Roth, J. R. (1997) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/146.3.751 · Cited by 69
Saveson, C. J., & Lovett, S. T. (1999) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/152.1.5 · Cited by 67
SOS response as an adaptive response to DNA damage in prokaryotes
Shinagawa, H. (1996) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9088-5_14 · Cited by 65
PriA: At the Crossroads of DNA Replication and Recombination
Marians, K. J. (1999) · Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60719-9 · Cited by 65
Self-citationEnzymology of DNA in Replication in Prokaryote
Marians, K. J., & McMacken, R. (1984) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238409113604 · Cited by 60
Self-citationZavitz, K. H., & Marians, K. J. (1991) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01846.x · Cited by 47
Self-citationBidnenko, V., Seigneur, M., Penel‐Colin, M., Bouton, M., Ehrlich, S. D., & Michel, B. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01532.x · Cited by 43
Recombinational crossroads: Eukaryotic enzymes and the limits of bacterial precedents
Cox, M. M. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11764 · Cited by 32
Self-citationSite‐specific recombination at dif by Haemophilus influenzae XerC
Neilson, L., Blakely, G., & Sherratt, D. J. (1999) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01231.x · Cited by 30
Self-citationEnzyme Studies of ϕX174 DNA Replication
Arai, K., Arai, N., Shlomai, J., Kobori, J. A., Polder, L., Low, R. L., ̈bscher, U. H., Bertsch, L. L., & Kornberg, A. (1981) · Progress in nucleic acid research and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60392-x · Cited by 17
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stochastic Gene Expression in a Single Cell
Elowitz, M. B., Levine, A. J., Siggia, E. D., & Swain, P. S. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070919 · Cited by 5,441
Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian DNA Repair and the DNA Damage Checkpoints
Sancar, A., Lindsey-Boltz, L. A., Ünsal-Kaçmaz, K., & Linn, S. (2004) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723 · Cited by 3,317
Cellular roles of DNA topoisomerases: a molecular perspective
Wang, J. C. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm831 · Cited by 2,364
How antibiotics kill bacteria: from targets to networks
Kohanski, M. A., Dwyer, D. J., & Collins, J. J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2333 · Cited by 2,377
Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases
Abraham, R. T. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.914401 · Cited by 1,966
Metadata
- Authors
- Cox, M. M., Goodman, M. F., Kreuzer, K. N., Sherratt, D. J., Sandler, S. J., & Marians, K. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 404
- Issue
- 6773
- Pages
- 37-41
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1570361288
- Cited by
- 1,044
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 28.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R37GM034557)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- stalled replication forks, bacterial DNA damage, SOS response, homologous recombination, DNA repair, site-specific recombination, DNA metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Chromosomes, Bacterial, DNA Replication, DNA, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Recombination, Genetic, SOS Response, Genetics, Replication Origin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
