Cited by 5,935Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein CondensatesStrong Light-Matter InteractionsQuantum, superfluid, helium dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms

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Abstract

For a system at a temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value. Here we observe such a quantum phase transition in a Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive interactions, held in a three-dimensional optical lattice potential. As the potential depth of the lattice is increased, a transition is observed from a superfluid to a Mott insulator phase. In the superfluid phase, each atom is spread out over the entire lattice, with long-range phase coherence. But in the insulating phase, exact numbers of atoms are localized at individual lattice sites, with no phase coherence across the lattice; this phase is characterized by a gap in the excitation spectrum. We can induce reversible changes between the two ground states of the system.

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Crossref · 10.1038/415039a

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29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Metadata

Authors
Greiner, M., Mandel, O., Esslinger, T., Hänsch, T. W., & Bloch, I.
Affiliations
  • Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Bloch, Immanuel
Venue
Nature
Published
2002-01
Volume
415
Issue
6867
Pages
39-44
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2007391198
Cited by
5,935
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 99 · 2025: 153 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 171 · 2022: 189 · 2021: 180 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 243 · 2018: 206 · 2017: 225 · 2016: 257 · 2015: 242 · 2014: 292 · 2013: 286 · 2012: 311
FWCI
188.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
  • APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Meeting Abstracts
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Keywords
quantum phase transitions, superfluid-Mott insulator transition, Bose-Einstein condensate, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, repulsive interactions, quantum fluctuations, phase coherence, excitation gap

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