The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complex objects are represented in macaque inferotemporal cortex by the combination of feature columns
Abstract
Intrinsic signal imaging from inferotemporal (IT) cortex, a visual area essential for object perception and recognition, revealed that visually presented objects activated patches in a distributed manner. When visual features of these objects were partially removed, the simplified stimuli activated only a subset of the patches elicited by the originals. This result, in conjunction with extracellular recording, suggests that an object is represented by a combination of cortical columns, each of which represents a visual feature (feature column). Simplification of an object occasionally caused the appearance of columns that were not active when viewing the more complex form. Thus, not all the columns related to a particular feature were necessarily activated by the original objects. Taken together, these results suggest that objects may be represented not only by simply combining feature columns but also by using a variety of combinations of active and inactive columns for individual features.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, combined optical imaging and single-cell recordings suggest that the IT cortex is composed of a mosaic of neuronal patches that respond to elementary shapes, whose combination can encode arbitrary objects [39,42].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Likewise, the binding of letters into words might be related to the representation of complex objects in IT cortex through the coactivation of neurons tuned to their elementary parts (Tsunoda et al., 2001).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Tsunoda et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“This kind of columnar organization is typical in biology [38],[39].”
From Towards a mathematical theory of cortical micro-circuits (2009) · cites this paper as [38]
Citations
Cites
Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding.
Biederman, I. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.115 · Cited by 5,621
Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes
Marr, D., & Nishihara, H. K. (1978) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1978.0020 · Cited by 2,159
Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the Macaque.
Gross, C. G., Rocha‐Miranda, C. E., & Bender, D. B. (1972) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1972.35.1.96 · Cited by 1,488
Stimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neurons in the macaque
Desimone, R., Albright, T. D., Gross, C. G., & Bruce, C. J. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-08-02051.1984 · Cited by 1,424
Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex
Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., & Caan, W. (1982) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00239352 · Cited by 1,385
Distributed representation of objects in the human ventral visual pathway
Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., Martin, A. D., Schouten, J. L., & Haxby, J. V. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9379 · Cited by 895
Kobatake, E., & Tanaka, K. (1994) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.856 · Cited by 807
Coding visual images of objects in the inferotemporal cortex of the macaque monkey
Tanaka, K., Saito, H., Fukada, Y., & Moriya, M. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.170 · Cited by 773
Neural organization for the long-term memory of paired associates
Sakai, K., & Miyashita, Y. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/354152a0 · Cited by 743
Columns for visual features of objects in monkey inferotemporal cortex
Fujita, I., Tanaka, K., Ito, M., & Cheng, K. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/360343a0 · Cited by 623
Functional Organization of Primate Visual Cortex Revealed by High Resolution Optical Imaging
Ts’o, D. Y., Frostig, R. D., Lieke, E. E., & Grinvald, A. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2165630 · Cited by 522
Odor maps in the mammalian olfactory bulb: domain organization and odorant structural features
Uchida, N., Takahashi, Y. K., Tanifuji, M., & Mori, K. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/79857 · Cited by 520
Self-citationOrientation selectivity, preference, and continuity in monkey striate cortex
Blasdel, G. G. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-08-03139.1992 · Cited by 506
Das, A., & Gilbert, C. D. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375780a0 · Cited by 444
Baylis, G. C., Rolls, E. T., & Leonard, C. M. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91356-3 · Cited by 324
Optical Imaging of Functional Organization in the Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex
Wang, G., Tanaka, K., & Tanifuji, M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5268.1665 · Cited by 301
Self-citationVisual topography in primate V2: multiple representation across functional stripes
Roe, A. W., & Ts'o, D. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03689.1995 · Cited by 280
Hasselmo, M. E., Rolls, E. T., Baylis, G. C., & Nalwa, V. (1989) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247948 · Cited by 250
Responses of Macaque Perirhinal Neurons during and after Visual Stimulus Association Learning
Erickson, C. A., & Desimone, R. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-23-10404.1999 · Cited by 221
Shtoyerman, E., Arieli, A., Slovin, H., Vanzetta, I., & Grinvald, A. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-21-08111.2000 · Cited by 213
What facial features activate face neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of the monkey?
Yamane, S., Kaji, S., & Kawano, K. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00279674 · Cited by 202
Functional interactions among neurons in inferior temporal cortex of the awake macaque
Gochin, P. M., Miller, E. K., Gross, C. G., & Gerstein, G. L. (1991) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00230962 · Cited by 172
Toward direct visualization of the internal shape representation space by fMRI
Edelman, S., Kalanit Grill-spector, A., Kushnir, T., & Malach, R. (1998) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03330618 · Cited by 161
Malonek, D., Tootell, R. B. H., & Grinvald, A. (1994) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1994.0150 · Cited by 152
Functional architecture in monkey inferotemporal cortex revealed by in vivo optical imaging
Wang, G., Tanifuji, M., & Tanaka, K. (1998) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(98)00062-5 · Cited by 141
Self-citationWang, Y., Fujita, I., & Murayama, Y. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77712 · Cited by 131
Form Processing Modules in Primate Area V4
Ghose, G. M., & Ts’o, D. Y. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2191 · Cited by 125
Computation of pattern invariance in brain-like structures
Ullman, S., & Soloviev, S. (1999) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00048-9 · Cited by 57
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus
McCandliss, B. D., Cohen, L., & Dehaene, S. (2003) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00134-7 · Cited by 1,489
Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum
Ito, M. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2332 · Cited by 1,356
The neural code for written words: a proposal
Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., Sigman, M., & Vinckier, F. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.05.004 · Cited by 1,201
Burge, T. (2010) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199581405.001.0001 · Cited by 1,169
Untangling invariant object recognition
DiCarlo, J. J., & Cox, D. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.06.010 · Cited by 1,000
Metadata
- Authors
- Tsunoda, K., Yamane, Y., Nishizaki, M., & Tanifuji, M.
- Affiliations
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science (JP)
- Hokkaido University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Tanifuji, Manabu
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-08
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 832-838
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1524840732
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 8.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- inferotemporal cortex, object recognition, object representation, intrinsic signal imaging, macaque
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Electronic Data Processing, Brain Mapping, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Temporal Lobe, Visual Pathways
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
