The NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes: As good as it gets?

The Nonobese Diabetic Mouse as a Model of Autoimmune Diabetes: Immune Dysregulation Gets the NOD

Delovitch, T. L., & Singh, B. (1997) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80392-1 · Cited by 676

An update on cytokines in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Rabinovitch, A. (1998) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199806)14:2 · Cited by 457

Impaired Yield, Phenotype, and Function of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in Humans at Risk for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Takahashi, K., Honeyman, M. C., & Harrison, L. C. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2629 · Cited by 136

Kilham Rat Virus Triggers T-Cell–Dependent Autoimmune Diabetes in Multiple Strains of Rat

Ellerman, K. E., Richards, C. A., Guberski, D. L., Shek, W. R., & LIKE, A. A. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.5.557 · Cited by 89

Establishment of Two Substrains, Diabetes-Prone and Non-Diabetic, from Long-Evans Tokushima Lean(LETL) Rats.

Komeda, K., Noda, M., Terao, K., Kuzuya, N., Kanazawa, M., & Kanazawa, Y. (1998) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.45.737 · Cited by 57

Type 1 diabetes intervention trials

Pietropaolo, M., & BECKER, D. J. (2001) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1046/j.1399-543x.2001.00000.x-i2 · Cited by 2

Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes

Skyler, J. S. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470682807.ch4 · Cited by 2

Chronic hyperglycemia induces macrophage iron accumulation and promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence

Chaubey, G. K., Dilawari, R., Modanwal, R., Talukdar, S., Dhiman, A., Patidar, A., Chaudhary, S., Sindhu, A., Kumar, A., Raje, C. I., et al. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116156 · Cited by 1

In Vivo Monitoring of Inflammation and Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes

Lee, M.-H., Liu, S., Lee, W.-H., & Liu, C. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/22299 · Cited by 1

Cell Replacement Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes

Linetsky, E., Inverardi, L., & Ricordi, C. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/54943 · Cited by 1

Animal Models of Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease

Coppieters, K. T., & von Herrath, M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384929-8.00031-9 · Cited by 1

The Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes

Kathleen, M. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/21924 · Cited by 1

The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Voltarelli, J. C., Couri, C. E. B., Oliveira, M. C., Stracieri, A. B. P. L., Moraes, D. A., Pieroni, F., Navarro, G., Madeira, M. I. A., & Simões, B. P. (2008) · Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia · doi:10.1590/s1516-84842008000800014 · Cited by 1

Altered Expression of Somatostatin Receptors in Pancreatic Islets from NOD Mice Cultured at Different Glucose ConcentrationsIn Vitroand in Islets Transplanted to Diabetic NOD MiceIn Vivo

Ludvigsen, E., Stridsberg, M., Janson, E. T., & Sandler, S. (2011) · Experimental Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2011/623472 · Cited by 1

Sweetness and light: perspectives for rodent models of type 1 diabetes

Avner, P. R. (2010) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.004705 · Cited by 1

Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes: Their Antidiabetic Potential and Mechanism

Yang, W. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.s12-004 · Cited by 2

Current Practices and Future Outlook on The Integration of Biomarkers in The Drug Development Process

Fraser, S., & Osgood, S. M. (2017) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2017-0155 · Cited by 1

Basic Techniques for Pancreatic Research

Leung, P. S. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9060-7_7 · Cited by 1

Leukocyte migration to pancreatic islets: a critical step in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes

Giarratana, N., Penna, G., Amuchastegui, S., Mariani, R., & Adorini, L. (2006) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-7643-7442-x_10 · Cited by 1

Prevention of Autoimmune Disease

Harrison, L. C., & Wentworth, J. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384929-8.00079-4 · Cited by 1

CD4/CD8 Antibodies Reduce Histopathological Damage in Salivary Glands of Spontaneously Diabetic Mice

Netto, R. O. R. F., Moura, E. G., Col, L. O., de Barros, M. J. A., Netto, J. D. A. R. F., Cajazeiro, D. C., Fernandes, V. A. R., Farias, D. A., & Caldeira, E. J. (2019) · Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases · doi:10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0016 · Cited by 1

Overexpression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 as a Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes: A Research Protocol

Aftab, N., & Arshad, H. (2021) · Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal · doi:10.26685/urncst.286 · Cited by 1

Immunology of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Peakman, M. (2011) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1319 · Cited by 1

Deregulated stress system in non-obese diabetic lymphocyte

Liu, Z., & Aune, T. M. (2006) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364306 · Cited by 1

Network resilience.Preprint

Liu, X., Li, D., Ma, M., Szymanski, B. K., Stanley, E., & Gao, J. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 1

Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes

Gale, E. A., & Bingley, P. J. (2004) · Informa Healthcare eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203021941.pt2 · Cited by 1

Immune and metabolic changes leading to diabetes

Hawa, M. I. (2012) · Cited by 1

Exploiting the potential of regulatory T cells in the control of type 1 diabetes

Giarratana, N., Penna, G., Gregori, S., Daniel, K. C., & Adorini, L. (2005) · Birkhäuser-Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-7643-7301-6_6 · Cited by 1

Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes: Natural Course and Predictive Characteristics in Siblings of Affected Children

Mrena, S. (2005) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja

The Role of Integrins in Enterovirus Infections and in Metastasis of Cancer

Karttunen, Å. (2010) · UTUPub (University of Turku)

Anti-diabetic and beta-cell protective actions of imatinib mesylate.

Hägerkvist, R. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Pathogenic and Molecular Characteristics of Two Isolates of HEV-B Species

Al‐Hello, H. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja

NK cell recognition : Adaptability to host factors in normal and diabetic mice

Johansson, S. (2005) · Figshare

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for Therapy of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

vajger, U., & trukelj, B. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25329

O papel dos microRNAs de células T na susceptibilidade/resistência a artrite reumatóide experimental

Yabuta, P. B. D. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2012.tde-16022012-150623

Insulin as the "Primary" Autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes?

Abiru, N. (2004) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · doi:10.11343/amn.49.1

Controle Pós-Transcricional em Timócitos e Linfócitos T CD3+ periféricos de camundongos NOD Durante a Emergência do Diabetes Mellitus do Tipo 1

Fornari, T. A. (2011) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2011.tde-19012012-165938

Gene therapy for prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes

Kapturczak, M., Burkhardt, B. R., & Atkinson, M. A. (2005) · Laboratory techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology · doi:10.1016/s0075-7535(05)31006-0

Autoimmune Diabetes and Transplantation Tolerance Induced by Costimulation Blockade in NOD Mice: a Dissertation

Lambert, J. (2007) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/50vb-7p36

Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes

Harrison, L. C., Fourlanos, S., Every, A. L., Honeyman, M. C., Steptoe, R. J., Martinez, N. R., Jensen, K. P., Funda, D. P., Mannering, S. I., Colman, P. G., et al. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470862092.d1117

RELATION OF ISLET CELLS ANTIBODIES AND RESIDUAL FUNCTION OF PANCREAS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES TYPE I

Tihomirova, T. A., Lapin, S. V., Толкачева, Н. Ф., & Тотолян, А. А. (2014) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-2005-1-41-48

Virus-Induced Models for Type 1 Diabetes in Mice

Christen, U., & von Herrath, M. G. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_25

The Journal of Gene Medicine 2001 Young Investigator Award

Perl, S. (2002) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.251

Enteroviruses in the Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Chapman, N. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_6

Human LT-α-Mediated Resistance to Autoimmune Diabetes Is Induced in NOD, but Not NOD-Scid, Mice and Abrogated by IL-12

Miyaguchi, S., Satoh, J., Takahashi, K., Sakata, Y., NAKAZAWA, T., Miyazaki, J., & Toyota, T. (2001) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1006/clim.2000.4954

Nonobese diabetic mice, hypoglycaemia and liver necrosis: a case report

Indumathi, S., Padmanav, B., Kumar, P. U., Suresh, P., Bhonde, R. R., Chalasani, M., & Vijayalakshmi, V. (2014) · Comparative Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1007/s00580-014-1969-8

MYELOID CELLS IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

Mia, M. S. (2014) · Figshare

Análise da expressão gênica promíscua no timo de camundongos NOD (non obese diabetic) durante a emergência do Diabetes melitus tipo 1

Fornari, T. A. (2008) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2008.tde-13042009-150027

ANÁLISE IMUNO-FENOTÍPICA DE ANIMAIS NOD: ESTUDO DA PROTEÇÃO AO DIABETES TIPO I MEDIADA PELO T. cruzi E DA INDUÇÃO PELA CICLOFOSFAMIDA.

Pessina, D. H. (2013) · Americanae (AECID Library)

Investigations of Strategies to Counteract Proinflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes

Börjesson, A. (2008) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Experimental Studies

Holstad, M. (2001) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

NKT Cells and Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes

Hussain, S., Ly, D., Wagner, M. J., & Delovitch, T. L. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-24534-0_4

Of tolerance in mice and men : studies in APECED and Aire

Pöntynen, N. (2008) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja

Studies of neuropeptides in pancreatic beta cell function with special emphasis on islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP).

Karlsson, E. (2000) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

Targeting Antigen-Specific T Cells for Gene Therapy of Autoimmune Disease

Johnson, J. M., & Tuohy, V. K. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28670-5_4

Advances in Immunology

Ackay, I. A. M., Osen, S. R., Lein, J. A. K., & Ato, A. K. S. (2001)

16 Animal Models

Kreidberg, J. A. (2009)

Perspectives in Diabetes Gene and Cell-Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Philippe, A., Steven, E. N., & Christopher, J. (2001)

Role of Leptin and metabolism in survival of autoreactive CD4 + T cells

Molecolare, M. (2010)

CONCISE REPORT Reversal of Sjogren's-like syndrome in non-obese diabetic

Lodde, B. M., Szalayova, I., Khalili, S., Faustman, D. L., & Mezey, É. (2007)

THE NOD MOUSE: AM odel ofImmune Dysregulation

Anderson, M. S., & Bluestone, J. A. (2005)

Identification of the Autoimmune Regulator Gene, its mutation pattern in APECED patients and Localisation of the Gene Expression

Heino, M. (2001) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)

cholera Toxin B Subunit-Diabetes Autoantigen Fusion Proteins Modulate Dendritic Cell Function and T Cell Morphogenesis

Odumosu, O. (2011) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)

Rôle de l'ubiquitine ligase MARCH I dans l'induction de la tolérance des cellules dendritiques dans le diabète de type 1 (DT1) chez la souris NOD

Benabdallah, A. (2012)

Leptin and Autoimmunity: role of leptin in the modulation of immune response during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Molecolare, M. (2007)

Diabetic Mice Prevents Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Cytopiloyne, a Polyacetylenic Glucoside,

Yang, W., Chiang, Y., Chuang, D.-Y., Kuo, H.-K., Chang, C. L., Chang, S.-L., & Lee, Y.-M. (2014)

Antigen-based prediction and prevention of type 1 diabetes.

Petersen, J. S. (2006) · PubMed

Induction of Mixed Chimerism for Reversal of Autoimmunity in Type 1

Zeng, D. (2013)

Proteomics and Genomics to Detail Responses to Extracellular Stimuli

Carroll, J. A., & Mathews, C. E. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203025925-16

Using Metalloporphyrins to Preserve β Cell Mass and Inhibit Immune Responses in Diabetes

Coudriet, G. M., Previte, D. M., & Piganelli, J. D. (2016) · Oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30705-3_29

The pleomorphic role of stromal cells in the formation and maintenance of tertiary lymphoid organs

Campos, J. D. D. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)

PROBIOTIC BACTERIAL DNA AS AUGMENTER OF HYPOCHOLESTEREMIC ACTIVITY -AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Randhawa, M. K., Bhatia, A., & Ali, A. (2015) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.14630.95044

The Impact of Microbiome Alterations in the NOD Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Yau, L., & Yick, C. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto)

Stem Cell Therapy for Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus

Thakkar, U. G., Vanikar, A. V., & Trivedi, H. L. (2017) · Stem cells in clinical applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55687-1_2

Mechanisms governing the bioenergetics of naive and effector CD4+ T cells as a means of controlling autoimmunity

Previte, D. M. (2017) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)

Genome-environment Interactions in Type 1 Diabetes

Markle, J. (2013) · TSpace (University of Toronto)

The potential protective antidiabetic effect of inosine in type 1 diabetic mice

El-Sekelly, S., & Elsayed, S. E. B. (2007) · Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences · doi:10.21608/besps.2007.37120

Analysis of human immune mediated diseases and their murine models by gene expression profiling

Liu, Z. (2006)

Determination the IL-10 serum level for the T1DM al-diwanyah patients

Wadai, G. M. (2017) · Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology · doi:10.36320/ajb/v9.i2.7584

Exploration of Conditions Affecting Cytokine Production in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Thorvaldson, L. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)

The Alliance of Animal Models in Biomedical Investigations

Murthy, S. (2013)

Faculty Opinions recommendation of A defect in tryptophan catabolism impairs tolerance in nonobese diabetic mice.

Romani, L. R. (2003) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1014315.193501

Autoimmunity

Crowley, H., & Huber, B. T. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0118

Experimental studies aiming to prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Rydgren, T. (2007) · Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University)

The impact of type II diabetes on behavioral and cellular aspects of neuroplasticity

Georgescu, T. (2007) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2007-08067

Prevention of Autoimmune Disease: The Type 1 Diabetes Paradigm

Harrison, L. C., & Wentworth, J. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812102-3.00070-1

Animal Models

Biessels, G. J. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-850-8_16

Proteomics and Genomics to Detail Responses to Extracellular Stimuli

Mathews, C. E., & Carroll, J. A. (2004) · Nutrition and disease prevention · doi:10.1201/9780203025925.ch14

Efeitos de um extracto natural de uvas na patogénese da diabetes tipo 1 murina

Couceiro, S. M. P. (2007) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)

Editorial: Genetic basis of tolerance induction defects underlying the development of autoimmune pathologies

Racine, J. J., Morel, L. M., Chen, Y., & SERREZE, D. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1069232

The Role of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) in Type 1 Diabetes: An Immune Cell Perspective

Buckle, I., & Forbes, J. M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108528

Cannabinoids in immune system-related diseases: From bench to clinic

Zhang, W., Chen, B., Cao, Y., Lei, W., Zhao, H., Yang, Y., & Tang, J. (2025) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003818

Les cellules MAIT dans le diabète de type 1 chez l'homme

Nel, I. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8eaa5bd8z1217z4729z8c2ezb385e0dbc1a9

Signalisation de l'insuline au sein du système sérotoninergique central : nexus de la comorbidité diabète-dépression

Bullich, S. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d63a5130zf11dz4a56z9c65za3e7d3844c7d

Role of MAIT cells in virally-induced type 1 diabetes by Coxsackievirus B4

Rouland, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/71d8ae9cz623cz4299zaa75zde7eff17dcf2

Time-of-Day Differences in the Plasma N -Glycome of Normal and Obese Mice and the Effects of Dapagliflozin Administered in the Morning or at Night

Ozawa, Y., Muramoto, F., Senda, H., Kada, M., Torii‐Goto, A., Hanamatsu, H., Miura, N., Fujita, A., Furukawa, J., Yoshioka, H., et al. (2026) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.6c00081

Leveraging a naturally occurring IgM autoantibody to target diabetogenic T cells: a precision medicine approach to type 1 diabetes

Al-Hallaf, R., Agha, Z., Caturegli, P., Rosenberg, A., Wolf, R., Chan, C., Song, Y., Lee, S., Zhou, R., Jie, C., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkag056

Development and Application of Animal Models of Diabetes with Ischemic Stroke: Bridging Basic Research and Clinical Translation

Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Fan, X., Huang, T., Zhang, X., Xie, J., & 张金梅 (2026) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/70481

Is the NOD mouse a good model for type 1 diabetes?

Wong, F. S., Pearson, J. A., & Li, W. (2025) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-025-06579-0 · Cited by 8

Lessons from the NOD mouse for the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Lampeter, E. F., Signore, A., Gale, E. A. M., & Pozzilli, P. (1989) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00274528 · Cited by 78

Thinking bedside at the bench: the NOD mouse model of T1DM

Reed, J. C., & Herold, K. C. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.236 · Cited by 89

Are Insights Gained from NOD Mice Sufficient to Guide Clinical Translation?

Roep, B. O. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1394.018 · Cited by 66

Use of Nonobese Diabetic Mice to Understand Human Type 1 Diabetes

Thayer, T. C., Wilson, S. B., & Mathews, C. E. (2010) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2010.05.001 · Cited by 82