The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ketamine use in current clinical practice
Open accessAbstract
After nearly half a century on the market, ketamine still occupies a unique corner in the medical armamentarium of anesthesiologists or clinicians treating pain. Over the last two decades, much research has been conducted highlighting the drug's mechanisms of action, specifically those of its enantiomers. Nowadays, ketamine is also being utilized for pediatric pain control in emergency department, with its anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects being revealed in acute and chronic pain management. Recently, new insights have been gained on ketamine's potential anti-depressive and antisuicidal effects. This article provides an overview of the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics while also discussing the potential benefits and risks of ketamine administration in various clinical settings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Murrough, J. W., Iosifescu, D. V., Chang, L. C., Al Jurdi, R. K., Green, C. E., Perez, A. M., Iqbal, S., Pillemer, S., Foulkes, A., Shah, A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13030392 · Cited by 1,205
(1978) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-026-00724-8 · Cited by 1,118
Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes After Early Exposure to Anesthesia and Surgery
Flick, R. P., Katusic, S. K., Colligan, R. C., Wilder, R. T., Voigt, R. G., Olson, M. D., Sprung, J., Weaver, A. L., Schroeder, D. R., & Warner, D. O. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0351 · Cited by 902
Murrough, J. W., Perez, A. M., Pillemer, S., Stern, J., Parides, M. K., aan het Rot, M., Collins, K. A., Mathew, S. J., Charney, D. S., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.022 · Cited by 786
Brown, D. J. A., Brugger, H., Boyd, J., & Paal, P. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1114208 · Cited by 624
Clinical Practice Guideline for Emergency Department Ketamine Dissociative Sedation: 2011 Update
Green, S. M., Roback, M. G., Kennedy, R. M., & Krauss, B. (2011) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030 · Cited by 594
Loftus, R. W., Yeager, M. P., Clark, J. A., Brown, J. R., Abdu, W. A., Sengupta, D. K., & Beach, M. L. (2010) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3181e90914 · Cited by 471
Use of Anesthetic Agents in Neonates and Young Children
Mellon, R. D., Simone, A. F., & Rappaport, B. A. (2007) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000255729.96438.b0 · Cited by 399
The destruction of the lower urinary tract by ketamine abuse: a new syndrome?
Chu, P. S., Ma, W., Wong, S. C., Chu, R. W., Cheng, C., Wong, S., Tse, J. M., Lau, F., Yiu, M., & Man, C. (2008) · BJU International · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07920.x · Cited by 368
Price, R. B., Iosifescu, D. V., Murrough, J. W., Chang, L. C., Al Jurdi, R. K., Iqbal, S. Z., Soleimani, L., Charney, D. S., Foulkes, A. L., & Mathew, S. J. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22253 · Cited by 345
Laulin, J.-P., Maurette, P., Corcuff, J.-B., Rivat, C., Chauvin, M., & Simonnet, G. (2002) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200205000-00040 · Cited by 344
Sinner, B., & Graf, B. M. (2008) · Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_15 · Cited by 313
Ibrahim, L., DiazGranados, N., Franco-Chaves, J., Brutsche, N., Henter, I. D., Kronstein, P., Moaddel, R., Wainer, I., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Manji, H. K., et al. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.338 · Cited by 309
Mathew, S. J., Murrough, J. W., aan het Rot, M., Collins, K. A., Reich, D. L., & Charney, D. S. (2010) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709000169 · Cited by 294
Ketamine Attenuates Delirium After Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Hudetz, J. A., Patterson, K. M., Iqbal, Z., Gandhi, S. D., Byrne, A. J., Hudetz, A. G., Warltier, D. C., & Pagel, P. S. (2009) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2008.12.021 · Cited by 293
The role of ketamine in pain management
Visser, E., & Schug, S. A. (2006) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2006.06.021 · Cited by 256
Dale, O., Somogyi, A. A., Li, Y., Sullivan, T., & Shavit, Y. (2012) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3182662e30 · Cited by 239
Remérand, F., Le Tendre, C., Baud, A., Couvret, C., Pourrat, X., Favard, L., Laffon, M., & Fusciardi, J. (2009) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181bdc8a0 · Cited by 238
Hardy, J., Quinn, S., Fazekas, B., Plummer, J., Eckermann, S., Agar, M., Spruyt, O., Rowett, D., & Currow, D. C. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.42.1081 · Cited by 229
Craven, R. (2007) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x · Cited by 226
Ketamine and Peripheral Inflammation
De Kock, M., Loix, S., & Lavand'homme, P. (2013) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12104 · Cited by 224
Mechanism of action of ketamine
Stahl, S. M. (2013) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s109285291300045x · Cited by 218
Morris, C., Perris, A., Klein, J., & Mahoney, P. (2009) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05835.x · Cited by 215
Ketamine for perioperative pain management in children: a meta‐analysis of published studies
Dahmani, S., Michelet, D., Abback, P., Wood, C., Brasher, C., Nivoche, Y., & Mantz, J. (2011) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03566.x · Cited by 168
Motov, S. M., Rockoff, B., Cohen, V., Pushkar, I., Likourezos, A., McKay, C., Soleyman-Zomalan, E., Homel, P., Terentiev, V., & Fromm, C. (2015) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.03.004 · Cited by 157
Neuroprotection by Ketamine: A Review of the Experimental and Clinical Evidence
Hudetz, J. A., & Pagel, P. S. (2009) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2009.05.008 · Cited by 153
Niesters, M., Khalili-Mahani, N., Martini, C., Aarts, L., van Gerven, J., van Buchem, M. A., Dahan, A., & Rombouts, S. (2012) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31826a0db3 · Cited by 147
Geißlinger, G., Hering, W., Thomann, P. E., KNOLL, R., Kamp, H.-D., & Brune, K. (1993) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/70.6.666 · Cited by 143
Amr, Y. M. (2010) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2010/13/245 · Cited by 140
Lodge, D., Anis, N. A., & Burton, N. R. (1982) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(82)90330-5 · Cited by 126
Bredlau, A. L., Thakur, R., Korones, D. N., & Dworkin, R. H. (2013) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12182 · Cited by 125
Lee, E. E., Della Selva, M. P., Liu, A., & Himelhoch, S. (2015) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.01.003 · Cited by 124
Ketamine as a Potential Treatment for Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Reinstatler, L., & Youssef, N. A. (2015) · Drugs in R&D · doi:10.1007/s40268-015-0081-0 · Cited by 120
Jennings, P., Cameron, P. A., Bernard, S. A., Walker, T., Jolley, D., Fitzgerald, M., & Masci, K. (2012) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.11.012 · Cited by 119
Chizh, B. A. (2007) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881105062484 · Cited by 117
Fanta, S., Kinnunen, M., Backman, J. T., & Kalso, E. A. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1826-y · Cited by 115
Intranasal Ketamine for Analgesia in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Observational Series
Andolfatto, G., Willman, E., Joo, D., Miller, P., Wong, W., Koehn, M., Dobson, R., Angus, E. J., & Moadebi, S. (2013) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12229 · Cited by 115
Welters, I. D., Feurer, M.-K., Preiss, V., Müller, M., Scholz, S., Kwapisz, M., Mogk, M., & Neuhäuser, C. (2010) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeq341 · Cited by 112
Weber, F., Wulf, H., Gruber, M. A., & Biallas, R. (2004) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01358.x · Cited by 110
Ketamine for rapid sequence induction in patients with head injury in the emergency department
Sehdev, R., Symmons, D., & Kindl, K. (2006) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2006.00802.x · Cited by 104
Effects of low‐dose intranasal (S)‐ketamine in patients with neuropathic pain
Huge, V., Lauchart, M., Magerl, W., Schelling, G., Beyer, A., Thieme, D., & Azad, S. C. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.08.002 · Cited by 102
A Systematic Review of Ketamine as an Analgesic Agent in Adult Burn Injuries
McGuinness, S. K., Wasiak, J., Cleland, H. J., Symons, J. A., Hogan, L., Hucker, T. R., & Mahar, P. D. (2011) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01220.x · Cited by 98
Schnabel, A., Poepping, D. M., Kranke, P., Zahn, P. K., & Pogatzki-Zahn, E. M. (2011) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aer258 · Cited by 90
Recent advances in the pharmacological management of acute and chronic pain.
Schug, S., & Goddard, C. E. (2014) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2224-5820.2014.10.02 · Cited by 86
Neural correlates of rapid antidepressant response to ketamine in bipolar disorder
Nugent, A. C., Diazgranados, N., Carlson, P. J., Ibrahim, L. A., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Brutsché, N. E., Herscovitch, P., Drevets, W. C., & Zarate, C. A. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12118 · Cited by 86
Pre-hospital use of ketamine for analgesia and procedural sedation
Bredmose, P. P., Lockey, D., Grier, G., Watts, B., & Davies, G. (2008) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emj.2007.052753 · Cited by 84
Suppa, E., Valente, A., Catarci, S., Zanfini, B. A., & Draisci, G. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 82
Upper gastrointestinal problems in inhalational ketamine abusers
Poon, T., Wong, K. F., Chan, M. Y., Ka Wai, F. U. N. G., Chu, S., Man, C. W., Yiu, M. K., & Leung, S. (2010) · Journal of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2010.00424.x · Cited by 82
Ketamine as a Fast Acting Antidepressant: Current Knowledge and Open Questions
Salvadore, G., & Singh, J. B. (2013) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12103 · Cited by 82
Oral ketamine premedication in children (placebo controlled double-blind study)
Şekerci, S., Dönmez, A., Ates, Y., & Ökten, F. (1996) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2346.1996.00058.x · Cited by 80
What Is the Optimal Dose of Intramuscular Ketamine for Pediatric Sedation?
GREEN, S. M., Hummel, C. B., Wittlake, W. A., Rothrock, S. G., Hopkins, G. A., & Garrett, W. (1999) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00089.x · Cited by 78
Barreveld, A. M., Correll, D., Liu, X., Max, B. A., McGowan, J. A., Shovel, L., Wasan, A. D., & Nedeljković, S. S. (2013) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12086 · Cited by 75
Song, J. W., Shim, J., Song, Y. R., Yang, S., Park, S. J., & Kwak, Y. L. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet192 · Cited by 75
Marchetti, F., Coutaux, A., Bellanger, A., Magneux, C., Bourgeois, P., & Mion, G. (2014) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.624 · Cited by 71
Jennings, P., Cameron, P. A., Bernard, S. A., Walker, T., Jolley, D., Fitzgerald, M., & Masci, K. (2012) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · Cited by 71
Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion for Emergency Department Patients with Severe Pain
Ahern, T. L., Herring, A. A., Miller, S., & Frazee, B. W. (2015) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/pme.12705 · Cited by 69
Ketofol for Procedural Sedation? Pro and Con
Green, S. M., Andolfatto, G., & KRAUSS, B. S. (2011) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.12.009 · Cited by 66
Yeaman, F., Oakley, E. A., Meek, R., & Graudins, A. (2013) · Emergency Medicine Australasia · doi:10.1111/1742-6723.12059 · Cited by 65
Ahern, T. L., Herring, A. A., Stone, M. B., & Frazee, B. W. (2013) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.02.008 · Cited by 65
Ahern, T. L., Herring, A. A., Anderson, E. S., Madia, V. A., Fahimi, J., & Frazee, B. W. (2014) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2014.11.010 · Cited by 64
Low-dose ketamine with multimodal postcesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized controlled trial
Bauchat, J. R., Higgins, N., Wojciechowski, K. G., McCarthy, R. J., Toledo, P., & Wong, C. A. (2011) · International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.10.002 · Cited by 63
Iglewicz, A., Morrison, K., Nelesen, R. A., Zhan, T., Iglewicz, B., Fairman, N., Hirst, J. M., & Irwin, S. A. (2015) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/j.psym.2014.05.005 · Cited by 60
Dhote, F., Carpentier, P., Barbier, L., Peinnequin, A., Baille, V., Pernot, F., Testylier, G., Beaup, C., Foquin, A., & Dorandeu, F. (2012) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.024 · Cited by 60
Bilgen, S., Köner, Ö., Türe, H., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 60
Pestieau, S. R., Finkel, J. C., Junqueira, M. M., Cheng, Y. I., Lovejoy, J. F., Wang, J., & Quezado, Z. (2014) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/pan.12417 · Cited by 59
Norambuena, C., Yáñez, J., Flores, V., Puentes, P., Carrasco, P. R., & Villena, R. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.018 · Cited by 58
Nitta, R., Goyagi, T., & Nishikawa, T. (2013) · Acta anaesthesiologica Taiwanica · doi:10.1016/j.aat.2013.03.003 · Cited by 57
Intranasal sufentanil/ketamine analgesia in children
Nielsen, B., Friis, S. M., Rømsing, J., Schmiegelow, K., Anderson, B. J., Ferreirós, N., Labocha, S., & Henneberg, S. W. (2013) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/pan.12268 · Cited by 55
Björkman, S. E., & Redke, F. (2000) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/0022357001774985 · Cited by 52
Does Ketamine Have Anti-Suicidal Properties? Current Status and Future Directions
Price, R. B., & Mathew, S. J. (2015) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0232-4 · Cited by 51
Gharaei, B., Jafari, A., Aghamohammadi, H., Kamranmanesh, M., Poorzamani, M., Elyassi, H., Rostamian, B., & Salimi, A. (2012) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31826f0622 · Cited by 50
Strategies to defeat ketamine-induced neonatal brain injury
Turner, C. P., Gutierrez, S., Liu, C., Miller, L. D., Chou, J., Finucane, B., Carnes, A., Kim, J. H., Shing, E. Z., Haddad, T., et al. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.015 · Cited by 49
Elshamma, N., Chidambaran, V., Housny, W., Thomas, J. M., Zhang, X., & Michael, R. (2011) · Pediatric Anesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03604.x · Cited by 48
Intraosseous Access in the Prehospital Setting: Literature Review
Olaussen, A., & Williams, B. A. (2012) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x12001124 · Cited by 46
Clinical effects of adjunctive atropine during ketamine sedation in pediatric emergency patients
Kye, Y. C., Rhee, J. E., Kim, K., Kim, T., Jo, Y. H., Jeong, J. H., & Lee, J. H. (2012) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.030 · Cited by 44
Tena, B., Gomar, C. G., & Ríos, J. (2013) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000005 · Cited by 42
Capponi, L., Schmitz, A., Thormann, W., Theurillat, R., & Mevissen, M. (2009) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.70.6.777 · Cited by 35
Case report: prehospital use of intranasal ketamine for paediatric burn injury
Reid, C., Hatton, R., & Middleton, P. M. (2011) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emj.2010.092825 · Cited by 35
Anesthesia in prehospital emergencies and in the emergency department
Braun, P., Wenzel, V., & Paal, P. (2010) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0b013e32833bc135 · Cited by 29
Gao, M., Sun, J., Jin, W., & Qian, Y. (2011) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-011-9413-6 · Cited by 27
Self-citation[Mechanism of action of ketamine].
Vl, V., Tg, E., Vi, A., & Sp, N. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Feltracco, P., Barbieri, S., Rizzi, S., Ori, C., Groppa, F., Rosa, G. D., Frigo, A. C., & Padrini, R. (2013) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31828cbaf0 · Cited by 26
Assessment of the Effect of Ketamine in Combination with Remifentanil on Postoperative Pain
Leal, P. D. C., Sakata, R. K., Salomão, R., Sadatsune, E. J., & Issy, A. M. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2012.02.005 · Cited by 26
Gutierrez, S., Carnes, A., Finucane, B., Musci, G., Oelsner, W., Hicks, L., Russell, G. B., Liu, C., & Turner, C. P. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.016 · Cited by 22
Kim, K. S., Kwak, H. J., Min, S. K., Lee, S. Y., Kim, K. M., & Kim, J. Y. (2011) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-011-1092-9 · Cited by 9
Pradhana, A. P., Wiryana, M., Sinardja, I. K., et al. (2017) · Bali Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.15562/bjoa.v1i1.4 · Cited by 8
Avaliação do efeito da cetamina associada à remifentanila na dor pós-operatória
Leal, P. D. C., Sakata, R. K., Salomão, R., Sadatsune, E. J., & Issy, A. M. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1590/s0034-70942013000200003 · Cited by 6
Cited by
Ketamine and Ketamine Metabolite Pharmacology: Insights into Therapeutic Mechanisms
Zanos, P., Moaddel, R., Morris, P. J., Riggs, L. M., Highland, J. N., Georgiou, P., Pereira, E. F. R., Albuquerque, E. X., Thomas, C. J., Zarate, C. A., et al. (2018) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.117.015198 · Cited by 1,260
Bahji, A., Vazquez, G. H., & Zarate, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.071 · Cited by 408
Skvarc, D. R., Berk, M., Byrne, L. K., Dean, O. M., Dodd, S., Lewis, M., Marriott, A., Moore, E. M., Morris, G., Page, R. S., et al. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.011 · Cited by 312
Pharmacological and behavioral divergence of ketamine enantiomers: implications for abuse liability
Bonaventura, J., Lam, S., Carlton, M., Boehm, M. A., Gomez, J. L., Solís, O., Sánchez-Soto, M., Morris, P. J., Fredriksson, I., Thomas, C. J., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01093-2 · Cited by 271
Esketamine for treatment resistant depression
Swainson, J., Thomas, R. K., Archer, S., Chrenek, C., MacKay, M.-A., Baker, G., Dursun, S., Klassen, L. J., Chokka, P., & Demas, M. L. (2019) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1640604 · Cited by 151
Metadata
- Authors
- Gao, M., Rejaei, D., & Liu, H.
- Venue
- Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
- Published
- 2016-03-28
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 865-872
- ISSN
- 0253-9756 (ISSN-L)
- 1671-4083
- 1745-7254
- OpenAlex
- W2330179485
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 87
- FWCI
- 20.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
