ChatGPT: standard reporting guidelines for responsible use
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The gap in standardization had led to a variety of bespoke guidance formulated by individual journals and publishers for dealing with AI usage in scientific publications.
“This gap in standardization had led to a variety of bespoke guidance formulated by individual journals and publishers for dealing with AI usage in scientific publications.22”
From Publishers’ and journals’ instructions to authors on use of generative artificial intelligence in academic and scientific publishing: Bibliometric analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
The CANGARU initiative is an example of an AI policy developed with substantial stakeholder input.
“One example of an AI policy developed with substantial stakeholder input is the ChatGPT, Generative Artificial Intelligence, and Natural Large Language Models for Accountable Reporting and Use Guidelines (CANGARU) initiative (Cacciamani et al., 2023).”
From Examining faculty and student perceptions of generative AI in university courses (2025) · cites this paper as Cacciamani et al., 2023
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models
Gallifant, J., Afshar, M., Ameen, S., Aphinyanaphongs, Y., Chen, S., Cacciamani, G., Demner-Fushman, D., Dligach, D., Daneshjou, R., Fernandes, C., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03425-5 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Self-citationArtificial intelligence in surgery
Varghese, C., Harrison, E. M., O’Grady, G., & Topol, E. J. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02970-3 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Ganjavi, C., Eppler, M. B., Pekcan, A., Biedermann, B., Abreu, A., Collins, G. S., Gill, I. S., & Cacciamani, G. E. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077192 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
“22 We examined the extent and nature of guidelines for authors pertaining to the use of GAI across the top 100 largest academic publishers and top 100 highly ranked scientific journals.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTang, A., Li, K., Kwok, K. O., Cao, L., Luong, S., & Tam, W. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12938 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Examining faculty and student perceptions of generative AI in university courses
Kim, J., Klopfer, M., Grohs, J. R., Eldardiry, H., Weichert, J., Cox, L. A., & Pike, D. (2025) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-024-09774-w · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Reporting Use of AI in Research and Scholarly Publication—JAMA Network Guidance
Flanagin, A., Pirracchio, R., Khera, R., Berkwits, M., Hswen, Y., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. B. (2024) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2024.3471 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Luo, X., Tham, Y. C., Giuffrè, M., Ranisch, R., Daher, M., Lam, K., Eriksen, A. V., Hsu, C.-W., Ozaki, A., de Moraes, F. Y., et al. (2025) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2025-113825 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Rodler, S., Kopliku, R., Ulrich, D., Kaltenhauser, A., Casuscelli, J., Eismann, L., Waidelich, R., Buchner, A., Butz, A., Cacciamani, G. E., et al. (2024) · European Urology Focus · doi:10.1016/j.euf.2023.10.020 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationEthical Use of Artificial Intelligence for Scientific Writing: Current Trends
Chetwynd, E. (2024) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/08903344241235160 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Toward Clinical Generative AI: Conceptual Framework
Bragazzi, N. L., & Garbarino, S. (2024) · JMIR AI · doi:10.2196/55957 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Giuffrè, M., Kresevic, S., Pugliese, N., You, K., & Shung, D. L. (2024) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15974 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Reporting Guideline for Chatbot Health Advice Studies
Collaborative, T. C., Huo, B., Collins, P. G. S., Chartash, D., Thirunavukarasu, A. J., Flanagin, A., Iorio, A., Cacciamani, G. E., Chen, X., Liu, N., et al. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.30220 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationCollaborative, T. C. (2025) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2025-001632 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Generative artificial intelligence in surgery
Rodler, S., Ganjavi, C., BACKER, P. D., Magoulianitis, V., Ramacciotti, L. S., Abreu, A. L., Gill, I. S., & Cacciamani, G. E. (2024) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2024.02.019 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationCollaborative, T. C. (2025) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-083305 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Morreel, S., Verhoeven, V., & Mathysen, D. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000349 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Policies on artificial intelligence chatbots among academic publishers: a cross-sectional audit
Bhavsar, D., Duffy, L., Jo, H., Lokker, C., Haynes, R. B., Iorio, A., Marušić, A., & Ng, J. Y. (2025) · Research Integrity and Peer Review · doi:10.1186/s41073-025-00158-y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The long but necessary road to responsible use of large language models in healthcare research
Kwong, J. C. C., Wang, S., Nickel, G., Cacciamani, G. E., & Kvedar, J. C. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01180-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationRodler, S., Cei, F., Ganjavi, C., Checcucci, E., BACKER, P. D., BELENCHON, I. R., Taratkin, M. S., Puliatti, S., Veccia, A., Piazza, P., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324175 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationFiletti, S., Fenza, G., & Gallo, A. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-03977-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Cacciamani, G. E., Siemens, D. R., & Gill, I. S. (2023) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/ju.0000000000003703 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationGenerative artificial intelligence and academic writing: friend or foe?
Cohen, J. F., & Moher, D. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111646 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ko, J. S., Heo, H., Suh, C. H., Yi, J., & Shim, W. H. (2025) · Korean Journal of Radiology · doi:10.3348/kjr.2024.1161 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A guide for social science journal editors on easing into open science
Silverstein, P., Elman, C., Montoya, A. K., McGillivray, B. C., Pennington, C. R., Harrison, C. H., Steltenpohl, C. N., Röer, J. P., Corker, K. S., Charron, L., et al. (2024) · Research Integrity and Peer Review · doi:10.1186/s41073-023-00141-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The TRIPOD-LLM Statement: A Targeted Guideline For Reporting Large Language Models UsePreprint
Gallifant, J., Afshar, M., Ameen, S., Aphinyanaphongs, Y., Chen, S., Cacciamani, G. E., Demner‐Fushman, D., Dligach, D., Daneshjou, R., Fernandes, C. O., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.24310930 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationChiarelli, G., Stephens, A., Finati, M., Cirulli, G. O., Beatrici, E., Filipas, D. K., Arora, S., Tinsley, S., Bhandari, M., Carrieri, G., et al. (2024) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-024-04009-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Collaborative, T. C. (2025) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.250386 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Huo, B., Collins, P. G. S., Cacciamani, G. E., & Guyatt, G. H. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02113-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationChatGPT: What Every Pediatric Surgeon Should Know About Its Potential Uses and Pitfalls
González, R., Poenaru, D., Woo, R. K., Trappey, A. F., Carter, S., Darcy, D., Encisco, E. M., Gulack, B. C., Miniati, D., Tombash, E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.01.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yin, S., & Chapelle, C. A. (2025) · Research Methods in Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1016/j.rmal.2025.100227 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Potential impact of large language models on academic writing
Alahdab, F. (2023) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112429 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Real Estate Insights: Establishing transparency – setting AI standards in property valuation
Cheung, K. S. (2024) · Journal of Property Investment and Finance · doi:10.1108/jpif-04-2024-0050 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bräse, S. (2024) · Digital Discovery · doi:10.1039/d4dd00130c · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Transitioning from “Dr. Google” to “Dr. ChatGPT”: the advent of artificial intelligence chatbots
Checcucci, E., Rodler, S., Piazza, P., Porpiglia, F., & Cacciamani, G. E. (2024) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau-23-629 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel AI applications in systematic review: gPT-4 assisted data extraction, analysis, review of bias
Kim, J. K., Chua, M. E., Li, T. G., Rickard, M., & Lorenzo, A. J. (2025) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113066 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ophthalmology Journals’ Guidelines on Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis
Huang, W., Liang, Y., Wei, X., & Du, Y. (2024) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2024.12.021 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Generative artificial intelligence in oncology
Ganjavi, C., Melamed, S., Biedermann, B. M., Eppler, M., Rodler, S., Layne, E., Cei, F., Gill, I. S., & Cacciamani, G. E. (2025) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/mou.0000000000001272 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEthical aspects of artificial intelligence: what urologists need to know
Verma, R., MacAskill, F. E. N., Kim, A., Raison, N. T. J., & Prokar Dasgupta, A. (2025) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/mou.0000000000001278 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Reporting guideline for chatbot health advice studies: The CHART statement
Huo, B., Collins, P. G. S., Chartash, D., Thirunavukarasu, A. J., Flanagin, A., Iorio, A., Cacciamani, G. E., Chen, X., Liu, N., Mathur, P., et al. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2025.103222 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationGenerative artificial intelligence powered chatbots in urology
Khawaja, Z., Adhoni, M. Z. U., & Byrnes, K. G. (2025) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/mou.0000000000001280 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cei, F., Ganjavi, C., Layne, E., Hussari, T., Gevorkyan, R., Eppler, M., Piazza, P., Rodler, S., Checcucci, E., Rivas, J. G., et al. (2025) · Minerva Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.23736/s2724-6051.25.06133-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEnhancing the quality of reporting of orthodontic clinical research
Qin, D., He, H., Tu, Y., & Hua, F. (2024) · Seminars in Orthodontics · doi:10.1053/j.sodo.2024.01.010 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hassan, A. M., Coert, J. H., Clemens, M. W., Hassanein, A. H., Waljee, J. F., Nelson, J. A., Mehrara, B. J., & Selber, J. C. (2026) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1097/xcs.0000000000001834 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Collaborative, T. C., Huo, B., Collins, P. G. S., Chartash, D., Thirunavukarasu, A. J., Flanagin, A., Iorio, A., Cacciamani, G. E., Chen, X., Liu, N., et al. (2025) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1093/bjs/znaf142 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationYao, M., Wei, Y., & Liu, H. (2026) · Ethics & Behavior · doi:10.1080/10508422.2025.2549310 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yang, J. J., & Hwang, S. (2025) · Blood Research · doi:10.1007/s44313-025-00062-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cacciamani, G. E. (2023) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/ju.0000000000003656 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationEditorial: AI tools usage in Emerald journal articles
Ibragimova, I., & Phagava, H. (2024) · International Journal of Health Governance · doi:10.1108/ijhg-09-2024-163 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Leveraging generative AI to enhance doctor–patient communication
Pannu, A. S., Pan, J., Layne, E., Gill, I. S., & Cacciamani, G. E. (2026) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-026-01127-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationRane, N., Choudhary, S. P., & Rane, J. (2024) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4681735 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
ChatGPT in clinical practice – What is the way forward?
Venugopalan, G. (2023) · Journal of The Indian Academy of Geriatrics · doi:10.4103/0974-3405.380506 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tully, J. L., Litake, O., Meineke, M. N., Simpson, S., Waterman, R. S., & Gabriel, R. A. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.52975
Accentuate the Positive: Exploratory Case Study of ChatGPT as a Complementary Learning Tool
Barrett, G., Fitzgerald, C., & Ryan, M. (2024) · Lecture notes in educational technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6136-4_13
Bi, Z. Q., Jin, Y., Li, C. H., & Huang, Q. Y. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.89311
Hope in Pediatric Palliative Care: A Systematic Review
Benešová, H., Janoušková, M., & Loučka, M. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13081117
AI-TRUST: A transparency protocol for Generative AI-assisted research
Çelik, F., Ibrahim, B., Hosany, S., & Bozkurt, A. (2026) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2026.2727027 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cacciamani, G. E., Collins, G. S., & Gill, I. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cacciamani, Giovanni E.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2023-06-06
- Volume
- 618
- Issue
- 7964
- Pages
- 238-238
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W4379514544
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 14.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (27294)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, responsible use, reporting guidelines, artificial intelligence in research, research integrity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review