A brief account of viral vectors and their promise for gene therapy
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Viral vectors are an efficient tool for gene transfection and account for many gene-therapy clinical trials.
“Viral vectors are a type of efficient tool for gene transfection and account for many gene-therapy clinical trials.[20, 25, 26]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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Viral <scp>vector‐based</scp> gene therapies in the clinic
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“The primary reason of using a virus as a vector for gene delivery is to employ their natural capability of infecting cells and to efficiently shuttle gene materials of interest into host cells.(17) Major viral vector types used for in vivo gene therapies in the clinic include Ad, AAV, HSV, retrovirus, and lentivirus (…”
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“functional copies of genes to target cells (103, 104).”
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“Beyond those applications, AAV vectors have been used as favored vehicle for direct gene delivery to specific tissues (Finer and Glorioso, 2017).”
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“Viral vectors were first elucidated in the 1970’s as a way to deliver new genetic material to cells [133].”
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“Delivery methods, such as viral vectors, must be carefully engineered to ensure accurate and efficient gene transfer while minimizing immune responses and other adverse effects [207,208].”
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“Viral vectors are very efficiency in mRNA transfection and are applied in clinical trials, such as Kymriah for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T immunotherapy on lymphoblastic leukemia.(23,24) However, viral vectors have disadvantages of potential carcinogenic, high immunogenic, limited gene packaging ability, and low…”
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“The development of gene therapies, especially the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy (Finer and Glorioso, 2017), has now made it possible to specifically manipulate gene expression in certain cell types.”
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“AAV has emerged as a favored vector for direct gene delivery in vivo due to its lack of pathogenicity and ability to incorporate into a variety of tissues in a directed manner ( Table 2) ; one of its primary drawbacks is a limitation of packaged genetic material to 4.7 kb [45] .”
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“RV vectors are important tools for the stable transfer of therapeutic miRNAs into dividing cells (Finer & Glorioso, 2017; Yang, 2015).”
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“13 The safety and efficiency of adenovirus, lentivirus, AAV and HSV in humans have been shown extensively and these four viral vectors and their variants dominate the clinical landscape.”
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“The fact that viral vectors have become an essential part of gene therapy due to their natural abilities to infect mammalian cells and deliver genetic material effectively is apparent in the approved technologies and to individuals undergoing clinical trials [5].”
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“Viral vectors are mainly divided into adenoviruses and lentiviruses.(30)Non-viral vectors primarily include lipid-based carriers, polymer carriers,(31) inorganic carriers,(32) and biocarriers.”
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“…(AAV) have attracted a lot of attention as one of the most favored in vivo viral ‐ based gene therapy technology over the last decade, competing with more established viral vector platforms including herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus (Ad), and retro/lentivirus (Finer and Glorioso 2017).”
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“Most oncolytic vectors used today are administered intratumorally [77], owing to barriers which prevent systemic targeting, including dilution of the virus in the bloodstream, neutralization by anti-viral antibodies and complement proteins, virus particle sequestration in liver Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages, a…”
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“This has made it possible for the viral genome to be edited via molecular cloning and thus give rise to modified versions capable of directing a wide array of genetic functions within the host cell [34].”
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- Authors
- Finer, M., & Glorioso, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glorioso, J
- ORCID
- Glorioso, J
- Venue
- Gene Therapy
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-2
- ISSN
- 0969-7128 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5462
- OpenAlex
- W2581051743
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gene Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- viral vectors, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, reverse transcription, retroviral integration, pseudotyping, packaging cell lines, T cell engineering, cancer immunotherapy, microRNA regulation, insertional oncogenesis, history of gene therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Genetic Therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques
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