Review of research on the mechanical properties of the human tooth

Abstract

‘Bronze teeth’ reflect the mechanical properties of natural teeth to a certain extent. Their mechanical properties resemble those of a tough metal, and the gradient of these properties lies in the direction from outside to inside. These attributes confer human teeth with effective mastication ability. Understanding the various mechanical properties of human teeth and dental materials is the basis for the development of restorative materials. In this study, the elastic properties, dynamic mechanical properties (visco-elasticity) and fracture mechanical properties of enamel and dentin were reviewed to provide a more thorough understanding of the mechanical properties of human teeth. Understanding the mechanical properties of human teeth could enhance artificial tooth development, dental scientists in China conclude in a review of recent research. Artificial teeth are required to make incisions, lacerate and grind food like natural teeth, but the perfect material to make them remains undiscovered. This deficiency is partly because of gaps in current knowledge regarding the structural and mechanical properties of the two main dental tissues, enamel and dentin. After reviewing recent research into both tissues, Xue-Dong Zhou, Hai-Yang Yu and co-workers at Sichuan University, China, recommend further investigations — particularly at the microscopic level — into the elastic mechanics and fracture-resistant qualities of dental tissues. The team believes it is important also to investigate how these properties change as people age, and how the surrounding oral environment affects tooth strength and fracturing.