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Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia

Zhong, Hua, Shi, Hong, Qi, Xue-Bin, Xiao, Chun-Jie, Jin, Li, Ma, Runlin Z, Su, Bing·2010·Journal of Human Genetics
DOI 10.1038/jhg.2010.40
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Abstract

The regional distribution of an ancient Y-chromosome haplogroup C-M130 (Hg C) in Asia provides an ideal tool of dissecting prehistoric migration events. We identified 465 Hg C individuals out of 4284 males from 140 East and Southeast Asian populations. We genotyped these Hg C individuals using 12 Y-chromosome biallelic markers and 8 commonly used Y-short tandem repeats (Y-STRs), and performed phylogeographic analysis in combination with the published data. The results show that most of the Hg C subhaplogroups have distinct geographical distribution and have undergone long-time isolation, although Hg C individuals are distributed widely across Eurasia. Furthermore, a general south-to-north and east-to-west cline of Y-STR diversity is observed with the highest diversity in Southeast Asia. The phylogeographic distribution pattern of Hg C supports a single coastal 'Out-of-Africa' route by way of the Indian subcontinent, which eventually led to the early settlement of modern humans in mainland Southeast Asia. The northward expansion of Hg C in East Asia started approximately 40 thousand of years ago (KYA) along the coastline of mainland China and reached Siberia approximately 15 KYA and finally made its way to the Americas.

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Metadata

Authors
Zhong, H., Shi, H., Qi, X.-B., Xiao, C.-J., Jin, L., Ma, R. Z., & Su, B.
Venue
Journal of Human Genetics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010-05-07
Volume
55
Issue
7
Pages
428-435
ISSN
  • 1434-5161
  • 1435-232X
DOI
10.1038/jhg.2010.40
Cited by
106
References
5
Language
en
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

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Zhong, H., Shi, H., Qi, X.-B., Xiao, C.-J., Jin, L., Ma, R. Z., & Su, B. (2010). Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia. Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2010.40