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The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity
Abstract
The nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome has proven to be a valuable tool for the study of population history. The maintenance of extended haplotypes characteristic of particular geographic regions, despite extensive admixture, allows complex demographic events to be deconstructed. In this study we report the frequencies of 23 Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphism haplotypes in 1,935 men from 49 Eurasian populations, with a particular focus on Central Asia. These haplotypes reveal traces of historical migrations, and provide an insight into the earliest patterns of settlement of anatomically modern humans on the Eurasian continent. Central Asia is revealed to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity, and the source of at least three major waves of migration leading into Europe, the Americas, and India. The genetic results are interpreted in the context of Eurasian linguistic patterns.
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“Whereas R1b is virtually absent in modern Mongolic and Turkic speakers of Central Eurasia, while its sister branch, R1a (to be specific, R1a1a), is found in many Mongolic and Turkic speakers, albeit at low frequencies, except for some groups, such as Mongolic-speaking Dongxiang63 and Turkic-speaking Altaians (65) and Kirghiz (67).”
From Genomes of the Golden Horde elites and their implications for the rulers of the Mongol Empire (2026) · cites this paper as [67]
In the citing paper
“Subclade Q1a1a1-M120 appears almost only in Eastern Asia, and its diversity implies that haplogroup Q has migrated from north to south with the ancestors of current Han Chinese during the Neolithic period (Su et al. 2000; Wells et al. 2001; Tarazona-Santos et al. 2001; Wen et al. 2004; Gayden et al. 2007; Nonaka et al. 2007; Zhong et al. 2011; Zhao et al. 2015).”
From Dispersals of the Siberian Y-chromosome haplogroup Q in Eurasia (2018) · cites this paper as Wells et al. 2001
In the citing paper
“Haplogroup Q reaches its highest frequencies in Siberia, especially in Kets (90–94%) and Selkups (66–71%), and is rarely seen in Western, Southern and South-eastern Asia (Wells et al. 2001; Zerjal et al. 2002; Tambets et al. 2004; Sengupta et al. 2006; Sharma et al. 2007; Haber et al. 2011a, b; Dulik et al. 2011; Grugni et al. 2012; Di Cristofaro et al. 2013; Rasmussen et al. 2014).”
From Dispersals of the Siberian Y-chromosome haplogroup Q in Eurasia (2018) · cites this paper as Wells et al. 2001
In the citing paper
“Haplogroups R1 and Q are also well attested in Altaic-speakers [10], [13], [32], [33], [34].”
From Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“NRY haplogroups C3* and C3c are found in nearly every Altaic-speaking population [10], [13], [32], [33], [34].”
From Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
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Qamar, R., Ayub, Q., Mohyuddin, A., Helgason, A., Mazhar, K., Mansoor, A., Zerjal, T., Tyler-Smith, C., & Mehdi, S. Q. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/339929 · Cited by 236
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Dulik, M. C., Zhadanov, S. I., Osipova, L. P., Askapuli, A., Gau, L., Gokcumen, O., Rubinstein, S., & Schurr, T. G. (2012) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014 · Cited by 161
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wells, R. S., Yuldasheva, N., Ruzibakiev, R., Underhill, P. A., Evseeva, I., Blue-Smith, J., Jin, L., Su, B., Pitchappan, R., Shanmugalakshmi, S., Balakrishnan, K., Read, M., Pearson, N. M., Zerjal, T., Webster, M. T., Zholoshvili, I., Jamarjashvili, E., Gambarov, S., Nikbin, B., Dostiev, A., Aknazarov, O., Zalloua, P., Tsoy, I., Kitaev, M., Mirrakhimov, M., Chariev, A., & Bodmer, W. F.
- Affiliations
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology, Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medical Genetics, Archangelsk State Medical Academy, Archangelsk, Russia; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX...
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-08-28
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 10244-10249
- ISSN
- 0027-8424
- 1091-6490
- Cited by
- 356
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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- Wells, R. S., Yuldasheva, N., Ruzibakiev, R., Underhill, P. A., Evseeva, I., Blue-Smith, J., Jin, L., Su, B., Pitchappan, R., Shanmugalakshmi, S., Balakrishnan, K., Read, M., Pearson, N. M., Zerjal, T., Webster, M. T., Zholoshvili, I., Jamarjashvili, E., Gambarov, S., Nikbin, B., . . . Bodmer, W. F. (2001). The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.171305098
