Cited by 774Geological and Geochemical AnalysisGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisAstro and Planetary Science

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Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite

Rapp, Robert P., Shimizu, Nobumichi, Norman, Marc D.·2003·Nature

Abstract

The tectonic setting in which the first continental crust formed, and the extent to which modern processes of arc magmatism at convergent plate margins were operative on the early Earth, are matters of debate. Geochemical studies have shown that felsic rocks in both Archaean high-grade metamorphic ('grey gneiss') and low-grade granite-greenstone terranes are comprised dominantly of sodium-rich granitoids of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite of rocks. Here we present direct experimental evidence showing that partial melting of hydrous basalt in the eclogite facies produces granitoid liquids with major- and trace-element compositions equivalent to Archaean TTG, including the low Nb/Ta and high Zr/Sm ratios of 'average' Archaean TTG, but from a source with initially subchondritic Nb/Ta. In modern environments, basalts with low Nb/Ta form by partial melting of subduction-modified depleted mantle, notably in intraoceanic arc settings in the forearc and back-arc regimes. These observations suggest that TTG magmatism may have taken place beneath granite-greenstone complexes developing along Archaean intraoceanic island arcs by imbricate thrust-stacking and tectonic accretion of a diversity of subduction-related terranes. Partial melting accompanying dehydration of these generally basaltic source materials at the base of thickened, 'arc-like' crust would produce compositionally appropriate TTG granitoids in equilibrium with eclogite residues.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature02031

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Metadata

Authors
Rapp, R. P., Shimizu, N., & Norman, M. D.
Affiliations
  • State University of New York (US)
  • Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author
Rapp, Robert P.
Venue
Nature
Published
2003-10
Volume
425
Issue
6958
Pages
605-609
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2092151651
Cited by
774
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
FWCI
14.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Keywords
early continental crust, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite, hydrous basalt, Nb/Ta ratio, arc magmatism, tectonic accretion, crustal thickening, dehydration melting, grey gneiss

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