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Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite

Rapp, Robert P., Shimizu, Nobumichi, Norman, Marc D.·2003·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature02031

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Abstract

The tectonic setting in which the first continental crust formed, and the extent to which modern processes of arc magmatism at convergent plate margins were operative on the early Earth, are matters of debate. Geochemical studies have shown that felsic rocks in both Archaean high-grade metamorphic ('grey gneiss') and low-grade granite-greenstone terranes are comprised dominantly of sodium-rich granitoids of the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suite of rocks. Here we present direct experimental evidence showing that partial melting of hydrous basalt in the eclogite facies produces granitoid liquids with major- and trace-element compositions equivalent to Archaean TTG, including the low Nb/Ta and high Zr/Sm ratios of 'average' Archaean TTG, but from a source with initially subchondritic Nb/Ta. In modern environments, basalts with low Nb/Ta form by partial melting of subduction-modified depleted mantle, notably in intraoceanic arc settings in the forearc and back-arc regimes. These observations suggest that TTG magmatism may have taken place beneath granite-greenstone complexes developing along Archaean intraoceanic island arcs by imbricate thrust-stacking and tectonic accretion of a diversity of subduction-related terranes. Partial melting accompanying dehydration of these generally basaltic source materials at the base of thickened, 'arc-like' crust would produce compositionally appropriate TTG granitoids in equilibrium with eclogite residues.

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Authors: Rapp, R. P., Shimizu, N., & Norman, M. D.
Affiliations: State University of New York (US)
Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author: Rapp, Robert P.
ORCID: Norman, Marc D.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 425
Issue: 6958
Pages: 605-609
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature02031
OpenAlex: W2092151651
Cited by: 774
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 14.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Keywords: early continental crust, tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite, hydrous basalt, Nb/Ta ratio, arc magmatism, tectonic accretion, crustal thickening, dehydration melting, grey gneiss

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Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite

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