The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 28 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
High-quality electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator using plasma-channel guiding
Open accessAbstract
Laser-driven accelerators, in which particles are accelerated by the electric field of a plasma wave (the wakefield) driven by an intense laser, have demonstrated accelerating electric fields of hundreds of GV m(-1) (refs 1-3). These fields are thousands of times greater than those achievable in conventional radio-frequency accelerators, spurring interest in laser accelerators as compact next-generation sources of energetic electrons and radiation. To date, however, acceleration distances have been severely limited by the lack of a controllable method for extending the propagation distance of the focused laser pulse. The ensuing short acceleration distance results in low-energy beams with 100 per cent electron energy spread, which limits potential applications. Here we demonstrate a laser accelerator that produces electron beams with an energy spread of a few per cent, low emittance and increased energy (more than 10(9) electrons above 80 MeV). Our technique involves the use of a preformed plasma density channel to guide a relativistically intense laser, resulting in a longer propagation distance. The results open the way for compact and tunable high-brightness sources of electrons and radiation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
21 Own result · 15 No full text of the sources · 14 Own interpretation · 5 No basis given · 3 Partly supported · 3 Own method · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The electron energy spectrum is described by a twotemperature Boltzmann distribution characterized by a 2.6 MeV temperature below 10 MeV and an 8 MeV temperature above 10 MeV.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Operating the unchannelled accelerator at the density used for the channelled accelerator (2x10 19 cm - 3 ), produced low charge low energy beams, since the intensity of the drive beam was not maintained for sufficient distance to allow acceleration at this density without channelling.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The axial plasma density was within 10% of 1.9x10 19 cm -3 over the central 1.7 mm of the jet and the drive laser pulse was thus a factor of two longer than the linear plasma period, i.e. in the self-modulated regime 6 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Esarey, E., Krall, J. & Sprangle, P. Envelope analysis of intense laser pulse self-modulation in plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2887–2890 (1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Enlargement of the output spot compared to the input and leakage outside the guide appeared as the input intensity was increased well beyond the relativistic self focusing threshold, and are due to the inability of the channel to perfectly control the spot size in the presence of self guiding.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The bunch shows a contrast ratio greater than 10:1 above a broad distribution of charge extending on either side.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using a separate phosphor screen placed after the magnet at a 5 degree angle to the beam we observed bunches at energies up to 150 MeV, but this diagnostic does not allow the fine resolution required to resolve energy spread.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed no difference between the drive pulse only and preionized cases, indicating that channeling and not pre-ionization was responsible for differences in the electron beams described above.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“No electrons were accelerated at 4 TW, offering the exciting possibility of using laser injection for the controlled trapping of electrons in this plasma wave without 'dark current' 16,17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Umstadter, D., Kim, J. K. & Dodd, E. Laser injection of ultrashort electron pulses into wakefield plasma waves. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2073–2076 (1996) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Esarey, E., Hubbard, R. F., Leemans, W. P., Ting, A. & Sprangle, P. Electron injection into plasma wake fields by colliding laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2682–2685 (1997) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality of optical guiding as well as the pointing, quality, and charge of the electron beams at high energy fluctuated shot to shot, likely caused by laser pointing jitter that changes the overlap between the wake drive pulse and the channel formation pulses (and hence guide quality and incoupling) as well as laser power fluctuations.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bunches with energy up to 150 MeV have been observed on separate shots (see below).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 4
- It may state two separate claims as one. 31
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“While these beams are useful for some users 9 , many applications including high energy physics and radiation sources require monoenergetic beams (percent energy spread or less) with at least 10 9 electrons [10][11][12][13] .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Leemans, W. P. et al. Observation of terahertz emission from a laser-plasma accelerated electron bunch crossing a plasma-vacuum boundary. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 074802 (2003) source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Catravas, P., Esarey, E. & Leemans, W. P. Femtosecond x-rays from Thomson scattering using laser wakefield accelerators. Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1828–1834 (2001) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section II explains that a broad electron-energy distribution degrades the Thomson-scattered radiation spectrum, and the Conclusion says low energy spread enables greater peak brightness. But the paper does not state that high-energy physics and radiation-source applications require percent-level energy spread and at least 10^9 electrons together. Its narrow-spread injector example in Section III.B instead gives approximately 0.5–1.5 × 10^7 electrons. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wang, X. J., Qiu, X. & Ben-Zvi, I. Experimental observation of high-brightness microbunching in a photocathode RF electron gun. Phys. Rev. E 54, R3121–R3124 (1996) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The peak current is on the order of 10 kA with emittance comparable to the best state of the art RF facilities 11 .”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] Catravas, P., Esarey, E. & Leemans, W. P. Femtosecond x-rays from Thomson scattering using laser wakefield accelerators. Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1828–1834 (2001) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In Section III, the paper reports at least 5 nC per bunch for the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator; Table I gives a 100 fs bunch length, implying a peak current on the order of 10 kA. Table I also lists a normalized emittance of 1 mm-mrad, but the paper does not establish that this is comparable to the best state-of-the-art RF facilities. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Femtosecond bunches have hence been produced 25 containing 2x10 9 electrons with geometric and normalized RMS emittances ε x below 0.05 to 0.01 π-mm-mrad and below 1 to 2 π-mm-mrad RMS, respectively.”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [25] Leemans, W. P. et al. Terahertz radiation from laser accelerated electron bunches. Phys. Plasmas 5, 2899–2906 (2004) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract reports preliminary evidence of 30–50 fs bunches, and Radiation measurements reports bunches of about 0.3 nC, approximately 2×10^9 electrons. Electron beam properties estimates a geometric rms “emittance” of 0.01 mm-mrad, but cautions that a proper emittance value requires further measurements. It does not report the claimed normalized rms emittance below 1–2 π-mm-mrad; the normalized value it mentions is 3 mm-mrad from a similar setup. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Beams with 3x10 9 electrons have been observed at similar energies (78±3 MeV FWHM), and electrons were observed up to the limit of our 55 degree high resolution spectrometer (92 MeV).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At 9 TW the mode image showed an intense output spot of 24 µm FWHM (Fig. 2b), slightly larger than the input spot but much smaller than the unguided pulse (Fig. 2d).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Fig. 3, the channel guided accelerator produced high charge electron beams with small energy spread at high energy, a unique feature that has not been observed in previous laser plasma acceleration experiments.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Below 15 MeV there is an essentially continuous distribution, and total beam charge was 1.7x10 10 electrons as measured by the ICT, subtending f/8.”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Structure in the energy spectrum did occur occasionally in the tail of the distribution above 15 MeV containing < 2% of the charge, consistent with a beam accelerated over a short distance and with previous experiments 1,2,9 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Modena, A. et al. Electron acceleration from the breaking of relativistic plasma waves. Nature 377, 606–608 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Malka, V. et al. Electron acceleration by a wake field forced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. Science 298, 1596–1600 (2002) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Leemans, W. P. et al. Gamma-neutron activation experiments using laser wakefield accelerators. Phys. Plasmas 8, 2510–2516 (2001) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the data shown in Fig. 3, the ±2% energy spread of the peak centered at 86 MeV is essentially limited by the spectrometer resolution so that the beam may in fact have narrower energy spread.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Electrons were trapped and accelerated using a 9 TW drive pulse, and optimal performance was found in channels detuned slightly from the low power guiding condition, with 40% less rise in density over the spot diameter than a matched channel 19 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Volfbeyn, P., Esarey, E. & Leemans, W. P. Guiding of laser pulses in plasma channels created by the ignitor-heater technique. Phys. Plasmas 6, 2269–2277 (1999) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Guiding efficiency at 4 TW was 35%, a reduction of 20% compared to the low power case (0.5 TW), suggesting that a significant amount of laser energy was depleted by excitation a plasma wave.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The electron beam had a total charge of 1.5x10 10 electrons, as measured by the ICT, with divergence near 50 mrad FWHM.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The investment of power in channel formation is less than 5% of the drive pulse power (20% of the energy), yet spectral density of these beams near 80 MeV is at least a factor of 200 above previous unchannelled experiments using several times the laser power, and peak energy observed is comparable 2 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Malka, V. et al. Electron acceleration by a wake field forced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. Science 298, 1596–1600 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As seen in Fig 2 c and d, the laser pulse diffracted strongly, limiting the acceleration length.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using a 600 µm long plasma at 4x10 19 /cm 3 , which is close to the dephasing length observed in PIC simulations at this density, the un channelled accelerator produced the same peak energy as in the 2 mm plasma, but with more structure in the spectrum.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Plasma density was independently optimized for the unchannelled accelerator, and highest charge and electron energies were obtained at 4x10 19 cm -3 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, using a 32 TW laser bunches with more than 10 10 electrons were produced but less than 1% were above 60 MeV 2 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Malka, V. et al. Electron acceleration by a wake field forced by an intense ultrashort laser pulse. Science 298, 1596–1600 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To differentiate the effects of channeling from pre-ionization, the ignitor pulse was fired 80 ps before the drive pulse.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results confirm that matching accelerator length to dephasing length is critical for structuring the spectrum, and that extending the length (for instance using a channel at lower density) results in higher energies.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Large plasma waves, or wakes, can be driven by the radiation pressure of the intense laser, but the propagation length is limited to little more than the diffraction or Rayleigh length Z R 8 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Najmudin, Z. et al. Self-modulated wakefield and forced laser wakefield acceleration of electrons. Phys. Plasmas 10, 2071–2077 (2003) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality of optical guiding as well as the pointing, quality, and charge of the electron beams at high energy fluctuated shot to shot, likely caused by laser pointing jitter that changes the overlap between the wake drive pulse and the channel formation pulses (and hence guide quality and incoupling) as well as laser power fluctuations.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The narrow energy spread of the channel produced beams is consistent with simulations which also indicate that the bunch length is near 10 fs.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The best results have hence been obtained by increasing the laser spot size to increase Z R , requiring ever greater laser power, but this approach has still been limited to distances of a few hundred micron 8 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Najmudin, Z. et al. Self-modulated wakefield and forced laser wakefield acceleration of electrons. Phys. Plasmas 10, 2071–2077 (2003) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In this so called self-modulated wakefield regime 6 some self-guiding of the laser pulse occurs due to relativistic modification of the plasma refractive index, but the laser pulse is highly unstable 7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Esarey, E., Krall, J. & Sprangle, P. Envelope analysis of intense laser pulse self-modulation in plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2887–2890 (1994) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [7] Esarey, E., Sprangle, P., Krall, J. & Ting, A. Self-focusing and guiding of short laser pulses in ionizing gases and plasmas. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 33, 1879–1914 (1997) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The dephasing length and maximum energy increase as density decreases, so that accelerator lengths of several cm and energies up to several GeV/stage are then possible 5 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Esarey, E., Sprangle, P., Krall, J. & Ting, A. Overview of plasma-based accelerator concepts. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 24, 252–288 (1996) source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Much as in a RF accelerator where cavities provide confinement and field shaping for the RF-power, the plasma channel guides the laser beam and transversely shapes the plasma wakes.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To reach high intensities with a typical 10 TW peak power laser system operating at 800 nm, the laser pulse must be focused to spot sizes near 8 µm, giving Z R ~200 µm and necessitating guiding over many Z R in order to reach the dephasing condition and high energies.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The high density allowed acceleration before the laser diffracted since self modulation and dephasing both occur more quickly at high density, but this also reduced the peak energy compared to the channelled case.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This dephasing condition can alternatively be met by a short plasma at high density (see below) or by using a larger laser spot size to extend Z R , but these alternatives are less efficient since high density lowers peak energy while large spot size requires many times greater laser power.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only one accelerating bucket contributes to the high energy beam due to beam loading in these simulations, so that the bunch length is less than a plasma period; for the experimental parameters the bunch length is near 10 fs FWHM.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The beams from channel guided accelerators such as those described here, with a few 10 9 electrons in percent level energy spread and mrad divergence as well as intrinsic synchronization to the laser beam, open up a new class of experiments with laser accelerators.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“A parabolic transverse density profile can be matched to guide a Gaussian laser mode without distortion in the low intensity limit, and guiding has been previously demonstrated [18][19][20][21] over many Z R at input intensities below 2x10 17 W/cm 2 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] Durfee, C. G. & Milchberg, H. M. Light pipe for high intensity laser pulses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2409–2412 (1993) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Volfbeyn, P., Esarey, E. & Leemans, W. P. Guiding of laser pulses in plasma channels created by the ignitor-heater technique. Phys. Plasmas 6, 2269–2277 (1999) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] Kim, K. Y., Alexeev, I., Fan, J., Parra, E. & Milchberg, H. M. Plasma waveguides: Addition of end funnels and generation in clustered gases. AIP Conf. Proc. 647, 646–653 (2002) source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The channelling technology offers the ability to control the laser beam propagation much as a copper structure provides guiding and field shaping to RF accelerators.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“For optimum acceleration, accelerator length should be matched to the dephasing length, which is the distance it takes the accelerated electrons to outrun the plasma wave and slip into decelerating phase 15 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] Leemans, W. P. et al. Plasma guiding and wakefield generation for second-generation experiments. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 24, 331–342 (1996) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The plasma does not expand significantly over 80 ps.
“The plasma does not expand significantly over 80 ps, so there was no shock wave and the transverse density profile was flat and had no guiding properties.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Space charge effects are minimal for this relativistic beam.
“Space charge effects should be minimal for this relativistic beam, so assuming ballistic propagation from a source the size of the laser spot in the channel (8.5 µm at entrance, 24 µm at exit), an upper limit for the emittance can be obtained.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The electron beam propagates ballistically from a source the size of the laser spot in the channel.
“Space charge effects should be minimal for this relativistic beam, so assuming ballistic propagation from a source the size of the laser spot in the channel (8.5 µm at entrance, 24 µm at exit), an upper limit for the emittance can be obtained.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The slower phase velocity of the wake at high plasma density allows trapping of background plasma electrons yielding high charge electron beams without a separate injector.
“This regime was chosen to allow comparison to unchannelled experiments, and also because the slower phase velocity of the wake at high plasma density allows trapping of background plasma electrons yielding high charge electron beams without a separate injector.”
The paper relies on this without support.
At high densities, where the laser pulse length is longer than the plasma wavelength, the laser can self-modulate resulting in large plasma waves that trap particles from the bulk plasma.
“At high densities, where the laser pulse length is longer than the plasma wavelength, the laser can self-modulate resulting in large plasma waves that trap particles from the bulk plasma.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intensities below 2x10^17 W/cm2 are too low to trap and accelerate electrons.
“Such intensities are too low to trap and accelerate electrons.”
Citations
Cites
Tajima, T., & Dawson, J. M. (1979) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.43.267 · Cited by 4,705
Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses
Strickland, D., & Mourou, G. (1985) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(85)90120-8 · Cited by 3,937
Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses
Strickland, D. T., & Mourou, G. A. (1985) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(85)90151-8 · Cited by 1,256
Overview of plasma-based accelerator concepts
Esarey, E., Sprangle, P., Krall, J., & Ting, A. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · doi:10.1109/27.509991 · Cited by 1,238
Self-citationElectron acceleration from the breaking of relativistic plasma waves
Modena, A., Najmudin, Z., Dangor, A. E., Clayton, C. E., Marsh, K. A., Joshi, C., Malka, V., Darrow, C. B., Danson, C., Neely, D., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377606a0 · Cited by 849
VORPAL: a versatile plasma simulation code
Nieter, C., & Cary, J. R. (2004) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2003.11.004 · Cited by 667
Self-citationElectron Acceleration by a Wake Field Forced by an Intense Ultrashort Laser Pulse
Malka, V., Fritzler, S., Lefebvre, E., Aleonard, M.-M., Burgy, F., Chambaret, J.-P., Chemin, J.-F., Krushelnick, K., Malka, G., Mangles, S. P. D., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076782 · Cited by 636
Light pipe for high intensity laser pulses
Durfee, C. G., & Milchberg, H. M. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.2409 · Cited by 517
Self-focusing and guiding of short laser pulses in ionizing gases and plasmas
Esarey, E., Sprangle, P., Krall, J., & Ting, A. (1997) · IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1109/3.641305 · Cited by 500
Self-citationPropagation and guiding of intense laser pulses in plasmas
Sprangle, P., Esarey, E., Krall, J., & Joyce, G. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.69.2200 · Cited by 464
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 2,008
Improvement of the Quality and Stability of Electron Bunch Using Countercrossing Laser Beam
Kotaki, H., Daito, I., Kando, M., Hayashi, Y., Ma, J., Chen, L.-M., Esirkepov, T. Z., Fukuda, Y., Homma, T., PIROZHKOV, A. S., et al. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · doi:10.1109/tps.2008.927944 · Cited by 13
Physics of high-intensity high-energy particle beam propagation in open air and outer-space plasmasPreprint
Gsponer, A. (2004) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.physics/0409157 · Cited by 12
“, [294] at La wrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.”
BackgroundLaser chirp controlled relativistic few-cycle mid-infrared pulse generation
Li, D., Zhang, G.-B., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Lu, Y., Zhang, H., Li, Q., Zhang, D., Sha, R., Shao, F., et al. (2023) · High Power Laser Science and Engineering · doi:10.1017/hpl.2023.51 · Cited by 11
Spatiotemporal control of high-intensity laser pulses with a plasma lens
Li, D., Miller, K. G., Pierce, J. R., Mori, W. B., Thomas, A. G. R., & Palastro, J. P. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013272 · Cited by 12
Electron trajectories and growth rates of the plasma wave pumped free-electron laser
Jafari, S., Jafarinia, F., Nilkar, M., et al. (2014) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/0741-3335/56/12/125010 · Cited by 11
Zheng, F., Wu, S. Z., Zhou, C., Wang, H., Yan, X. Q., & He, X. T. (2011) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/95/55005 · Cited by 10
Electron and photon diagnostics for plasma acceleration-based FELs
Labat, M., Ajjouri, M. E., Hubert, N., André, T., Loulergue, A., & Couprie, M.-E. (2017) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s1600577517011742 · Cited by 11
Gupta, S. P., Gangwar, R. K., & Srivastava, R. (2019) · Plasma Sources Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6595/ab3a22 · Cited by 11
Hazra, D., Moorti, A., Mishra, S., Upadhyay, A., & Chakera, J. A. (2019) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ab5017 · Cited by 11
Resonant tunneling of deuteron-triton fusion in strong high-frequency electromagnetic fields
Wu, B., Duan, H., & Liu, J. (2022) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.064615 · Cited by 11
Laguerre–Gaussian laser beam guiding and its second harmonics in plasma having density ramp
Bhatia, A., Walia, K., & Singh, A. (2022) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0103924 · Cited by 12
Stochastic Extraction of Periodic Attosecond Bunches from Relativistic Electron Beams
Dodin, I. Y., & Fisch, N. J. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.234801 · Cited by 11
Plasma Channels for Electron Accelerators Using Discharges in Structured Gas Cells
Bendoyro, R., Onofrei, R., Sampaio, J., Macedo, R. J., Figueira, G. N., & Lopes, N. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · doi:10.1109/tps.2008.927145 · Cited by 12
Electron bunch profile reconstruction based on phase-constrained iterative algorithm
Taheri, F. B., Konoplev, I. V., Doucas, G., et al. (2016) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.19.032801 · Cited by 11
Dynamics of boundary layer electrons around a laser wakefield bubble
Luo, J., Chen, M., Zhang, G.-B., Yuan, T., Yu, J., Shen, Z.-C., Yu, L.-L., Weng, S.-M., Schroeder, C. B., & Esarey, E. H. (2016) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4966047 · Cited by 11
Self-citationWallin, E. J., Gonoskov, A. A., Harvey, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Plasma Physics · doi:10.1017/s0022377817000320 · Cited by 11
Laser-plasma generated very high energy electrons (VHEEs) in radiotherapy
Kokurewicz, K., Welsh, G. H., Brunetti, E., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2271183 · Cited by 11
Bright x-ray radiation from plasma bubbles in an evolving laser wakefield accelerator
Bloom, M. S., Streeter, M. J. V., Kneip, S., Bendoyro, R. A., Cheklov, O., Cole, J. M., Döpp, A., Hooker, C. J., Holloway, J., Jiang, J., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.061301 · Cited by 11
Ion-channel laser growth rate and beam quality requirements
Davoine, X., Fiúza, F., Fonseca, R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Plasma Physics · doi:10.1017/s0022377818000429 · Cited by 11
“Such an IC can be produced in a plasma-based wakefield accelerator in the blowout or bubble regime (Faure et al. 2004; Geddes et al. 2004; Mangles et al. 2004): while propagating in a plasma, a laser pulse or a particle beam pushes the electrons off-axis and leaves an IC in its wake.”
BackgroundSchumaker, W., Liang, T., Clarke, R. J., et al. (2018) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aace0c · Cited by 11
Narrow band and energy selectable plasma cathode for multistage laser wakefield acceleration
Sakai, Y., Pathak, N., Jin, Z., et al. (2018) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.21.101301 · Cited by 11
Measurements of electron beam ring structures from laser wakefield accelerators
Behm, K., Hussein, A., Zhao, T., et al. (2019) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ab0622 · Cited by 11
First emittance measurement of the beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerated electron beam
Shpakov, V., Anania, M. P., Behtouei, M., et al. (2021) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.24.051301 · Cited by 11
Bubble shape and electromagnetic field in the nonlinear regime for laser wakefield acceleration
Li, X. F., Yu, Q., Gu, Y. J., Huang, S., Kong, Q., & Kawata, S. (2015) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4928908 · Cited by 11
Generation of wakefields by electromagnetic waves in a magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma
Shukla, P. K. (2009) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/0741-3335/51/2/024013 · Cited by 11
Sadighi‐Bonabi, R., Rahmatallahpor, S., Navid, H. A., Lotfi, E. S., Zobdeh, P., Reiazie, Z., Bostandoust, M., & Mohamadian, M. (2009) · Contributions to Plasma Physics · doi:10.1002/ctpp.200910008 · Cited by 11
Ledingham, K. W. D. (2006) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys206 · Cited by 11
Laser wakefield plasma accelerators
Krushelnick, K., & Malka, V. A. (2009) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.200810062 · Cited by 12
Bobbili, S. R., Moorti, A., Naik, P. A., & Gupta, P. D. (2010) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/4/045011 · Cited by 11
Electron bunch injection at an angle into a laser wakefield
Luttikhof, M. J. H., Khachatryan, A. G., van Goor, F. A., Boller, K.-J., & Mora, P. (2009) · Laser and Particle Beams · doi:10.1017/s0263034609000093 · Cited by 11
“An example is the ”bubble” injection method proposed in (Pukhov and Meyer-ter Vehn, 2002) and demonstrated in 2004 (Faure et al., 2004; Geddes et al., 2004; Mangles et al., 2004), where quasimonoenergetic electron bunches with an energy in the order of 100 MeV and an energy spread of a few percent…”
MethodPrinciples of laser–plasma accelerators
Malka, V. A., & Mora, P. (2009) · Comptes Rendus Physique · doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2009.03.008 · Cited by 11
Scaling laws of design parameters for plasma wakefield accelerators
Uhm, H. S., Nam, I., & Suk, H. (2011) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2011.10.041 · Cited by 11
Improving the Self-Guiding of an Ultraintense Laser by Tailoring Its Longitudinal Profile
Tzoufras, M., Tsung, F. S., Mori, W. B., & Sahai, A. A. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.245001 · Cited by 10
Terahertz-driven wakefield electron acceleration
Sharma, A., Tibai, Z., Hebling, J., & Fülöp, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aadf50 · Cited by 10
Messmer, P., & Bruhwiler, D. (2006) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.9.031302 · Cited by 11
Self-citationThe generation of mono-energetic electron beams from ultrashort pulse laser–plasma interactions
Mangles, S. P. D., Krushelnick, K., Najmudin, Z., et al. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2005.1730 · Cited by 11
“The use of plasma acceleration consequently now offers the potential of significantly smaller and cheaper facilities for generating energetic electron beams which, considered along with the current rapid developments in laser technology, could soon allow the construction of university laboratory scale accelerators for…”
BackgroundTowards the european strategy for particle physics: The briefing book
Åkesson, T. P. A., Aleksan, R., Allanach, B. C., Bertolucci, S., Blondel, A., Butterworth, J. M., Cavalli-Sforza, M., Cervera, A., de Naurois, M., Desch, K. K., et al. (2007) · Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) · Cited by 11
Demonstration of the hollow channel plasma wakefield accelerator
Gessner, S. (2016) · doi:10.2172/1340170 · Cited by 11
Wang, M., Wu, D., Lan, H., Zhang, J. Y., Liu, J. X., Lu, H. G., Lv, J. F., Wu, X., Zhang, H., Cai, J., et al. (2024) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2024.122834 · Cited by 11
Direct laser acceleration in varying plasma density profiles
Babjak, R., Martinez, B., Krůs, M., et al. (2024) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ad7280 · Cited by 10
Efficient laser wakefield accelerator in pump depletion dominated bubble regime
Horný, V., Bleotu, P., Ursescu, D., Malka, V. A., & Tomassini, P. (2024) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.110.035202 · Cited by 11
Cascade Acceleration of Electrons by Laser Wakefield and Direct Laser Field
Adachi, M., Miura, E., Katō, S., et al. (2006) · Japanese Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1143/jjap.45.4214 · Cited by 10
Autoinjection of electrons into a wake field using a capillary with attached cone
Mori, Y., Sentoku, Y., Kondo, K., Tsuji, K., Nakanii, N., Fukumochi, S., Kashihara, M., Kimura, K., Takeda, K., TANAKA, K. A., et al. (2009) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.3271152 · Cited by 10
Three-dimensional simulation of laser–plasma-based electron acceleration
Upadhyay, A., Patel, K., Rao, B. S., Naik, P. A., & Gupta, P. D. (2012) · Pramana · doi:10.1007/s12043-011-0254-5 · Cited by 10
Wang, J., Feng, J., Zhu, C., Li, Y., He, Y., Li, D., Tan, J., Ma, J., & Chen, L. (2018) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/aaa4dc · Cited by 12
Lei, B., Teter, T., Wang, J., et al. (2019) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.22.071302 · Cited by 10
Self-citationInjection induced by coaxial laser interference in laser wakefield accelerators
Wang, J., Zeng, M., Li, D., Wang, X., Lu, W., & Gao, J. (2022) · Matter and Radiation at Extremes · doi:10.1063/5.0101098 · Cited by 11
Femtosecond multimodal imaging with a laser-driven X-ray source
Doherty, A., Fourmaux, S., Astolfo, A., et al. (2023) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-023-01412-9 · Cited by 10
Coherent acceleration by laser pulse echelons in periodic plasma structures
Pukhov, A., Kostyukov, I. Y., Tuckmantel, T., Luu-Thanh, P., & Mourou, G. A. (2014) · The European Physical Journal Special Topics · doi:10.1140/epjst/e2014-02173-3 · Cited by 11
A complete accounting of the monoenergetic electron parameters in an ellipsoidal bubble model
Sadighi‐Bonabi, R., & Rahmatollahpur, S. (2010) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.3316209 · Cited by 10
Laser pulse propagation in inhomogeneous magnetoplasma channels and wakefield acceleration
Sharma, B. S., Jain, A., Jaiman, N. K., Gupta, D. N., Jang, D. G., Suk, H., & Kulagin, V. V. (2014) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4865820 · Cited by 10
Laser-plasma electron accelerator for all-optical inverse Compton X-ray source
Koyama, K., Yamazaki, A., Maekawa, A., Uesaka, M., Hosokai, T., Miyashita, M., Masuda, S., & Miura, E. (2009) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.05.142 · Cited by 10
Simulations of efficient laser wakefield accelerators from 1 to 100GeV
Tzoufras, M., Huang, C., Cooley, J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Plasma Physics · doi:10.1017/s0022377812000232 · Cited by 10
“Much progress has been made in experiment, theory, and simulation of Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) over the past 30 years, especially since electron beams with narrow energy spread were first observed in experiments by Faure et al. (2004), Geddes et al. (2004) and Mangles et al. (2004).”
BackgroundShock-wave-based density down ramp for electron injection
Wang, C., Li, J., Sun, J., & Luo, X. (2012) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.15.020401 · Cited by 9
Cluster size distributions in gas jets for different nozzle geometries
Aladi, M., Bolla, R., Cardenas, D. E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Instrumentation · doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/06/c06020 · Cited by 10
Hazra, D., Moorti, A., Rao, B. S., Upadhyay, A., Chakera, J. A., & Naik, P. A. (2018) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/aac97c · Cited by 10
External injection into a laser-driven plasma accelerator with sub-femtosecond timing jitter
Pousa, Á. F., Assmann, R. W., Brinkmann, R., et al. (2017) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012032 · Cited by 10
“A series of milestones like the experimental measurement of gradients on the hundreds of GV/m [2, 3], the development of controlled injection techniques [4, 5, 6] or the production of quasi-monoenergetic beams [7, 8, 9] showcase its potential.”
BackgroundHELL: High-Energy Electrons by Laser Light, a User-Oriented Experimental Platform at ELI Beamlines
Levato, T., Bonora, S., Grittani, G. M., Lazzarini, C. M., Nawaz, M. F., Nevrkla, M., Vilanova, L., Ziano, R., Bassanese, S., Bobrova, N. A., et al. (2018) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app8091565 · Cited by 10
“The focal lengths of the two OAPs (initially available) have been selected while considering the two main interaction regimes of major interest for LWFA: the self-injection regime [19–21] and the guided regime [6].”
MethodX-ray phase contrast imaging of additive manufactured structures using a laser wakefield accelerator
Vargas, M., Schumaker, W., He, Z., et al. (2019) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ab0e4f · Cited by 10
Skew Quadrupole Effect of Laser Plasma Electron Beam Transport
Espinós, D. O., Ghaith, A., André, T., et al. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9122447 · Cited by 10
Toward a plasma-based accelerator at high beam energy with high beam charge and high beam quality
Nghiem, P. A. P., Assmann, R. W., Beck, A., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.031301 · Cited by 10
Visualization of relativistic laser pulses in underdense plasma
Schwab, M. B., Siminos, E., Heinemann, T., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.23.032801 · Cited by 10
Effect of Laser Polarization Mode on Wake Wave Excitation in Magnetized Plasma
Heydarzadeh, Y., & Akou, H. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · doi:10.1109/tps.2020.3014699 · Cited by 10
Creation of an axially uniform plasma channel in a laser-assisted capillary discharge
Bagdasarov, G. A., Bobrova, N. A., Olkhovskaya, O. G., Gasilov, V. A., Benedetti, C., Bulanov, S. S., Gonsalves, A. J., Pieronek, C. V., van Tilborg, J., Geddes, C. G. R., et al. (2021) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0046428 · Cited by 11
Self-citationOn the universality of nonthermal electron acceleration due to quasi-turbulent wakefields
Kuramitsu, Y., Sakawa, Y., Hoshino, M., Chen, S.-H., & Takabe, H. (2012) · High Energy Density Physics · doi:10.1016/j.hedp.2012.03.016 · Cited by 10
From laser fusion to laser accelerators: basic studies into high power laser plasmas
Meyer-ter-Vehn, J. (2009) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/0741-3335/51/12/124001 · Cited by 10
Multicentimeter long high density magnetic plasmas for optical guiding
Pollock, B. B., Froula, D. H., Tynan, G. R., et al. (2008) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.2968711 · Cited by 10
Upadhyay, A. K., Samant, S. A., & Krishnagopal, S. (2013) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4775726 · Cited by 11
Laser-seeded modulation instability in a proton driver plasma wakefield accelerator
Siemon, C., Khudik, V. N., Yi, S. A., et al. (2013) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4825245 · Cited by 10
Ferrari, H. E., Lifschitz, A., Maynard, G., et al. (2011) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.3624771 · Cited by 10
Spectrum modulation of relativistic electrons by laser wakefield
Nakanii, N., Kondo, K., Kuramitsu, Y., et al. (2008) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.2971235 · Cited by 10
Observation of a quasimonoenergetic electron beam from a femtosecond prepulse-exploded foil
Wang, X., Nishikawa, K., & Nemoto, K. (2006) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.2336589 · Cited by 10
Quantitative single shot and spatially resolved plasma wakefield diagnostics
Kasim, M., Holloway, J., Ceurvorst, L., et al. (2015) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.18.081302 · Cited by 10
Tomography of human trabecular bone with a laser-wakefield driven x-ray source
Cole, J. M., Wood, J. C., Lopes, N., Põder, K., Abel, R. L., Alatabi, S., Bryant, J., Jin, A., Kneip, S., Mecseki, K., et al. (2015) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/0741-3335/58/1/014008 · Cited by 10
Modeling ultrafast shadowgraphy in laser-plasma interaction experiments
Siminos, E., Skupin, S., Sävert, A., et al. (2016) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/0741-3335/58/6/065004 · Cited by 10
Analysis of x-ray emission and electron dynamics in a capillary-guided laser wakefield accelerator
Ju, J., Genoud, G., Ferrari, H. E., Dadoun, O., Paradkar, B. S., Svensson, K., Wojda, F., Burza, M., Persson, A., Lundh, O., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.17.051302 · Cited by 10
Far-field constant-gradient laser accelerator of electrons in an ion channel
Khudik, V. N., Zhang, X., Wang, T., & Shvets, G. B. (2018) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.5036967 · Cited by 10
MITHRA 1.0: A full-wave simulation tool for free electron lasers
Fallahi, A., Yahaghi, A., & Kärtner, F. X. (2018) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2018.03.011 · Cited by 10
Intense γ ray generated by refocusing laser pulse on wakefield accelerated electrons
Feng, J., Wang, J., Li, Y., et al. (2017) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.4994710 · Cited by 10
Micro-spot gamma-ray generation based on laser wakefield acceleration
Dong, K., Zhang, T., Yu, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4997142 · Cited by 10
Temporal contrast reduction techniques for high dynamic-range temporal contrast measurement
Shen, X., Wang, P., Zhu, J., et al. (2019) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.27.010586 · Cited by 10
On the use of the envelope model for down-ramp injection in laser-plasma accelerators
Silva, T., Helm, A., Vieira, J., Fonseca, R., & Silva, L. O. (2019) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ab5298 · Cited by 12
Phase dependence of electron acceleration in a tightly focused laser beam
He, X., Li, R. X., Shuai, B., et al. (2005) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.1938974 · Cited by 10
Electro-optic 3D snapshot of a laser wakefield accelerated kilo-ampere electron bunch
Huang, K., Jin, Z., Nakanii, N., et al. (2024) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01440-2 · Cited by 9
Laser-plasma-based radiation sources with intense laser pulses
Yun, H., Bae, L., Mirzaie, M., & Kim, H. T. (2025) · Reviews of Modern Plasma Physics · doi:10.1007/s41614-025-00181-y · Cited by 10
Laser based 100 GeV electron acceleration scheme for muon production
Ludwig, J., Wilks, S. C., Kemp, A. J., Williams, G. J., Lemos, N., Rockafellow, E., Miao, B., Shrock, J. E., Milchberg, H. M., Vay, J.-L., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95440-w · Cited by 15
Direct observation of a wakefield generated with structured light
Liberman, A., Golovanov, A. A., Smartsev, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66056-5 · Cited by 9
High energy electrons from interaction with a structured gas-jet at FLAME
Grittani, G. M., Anania, M. P., Gatti, G., Giulietti, D., Kando, M., Krůs, M., Labate, L. U., Levato, T., Londrillo, P., Rossi, F., et al. (2013) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.082 · Cited by 9
Air plasma waveguide using pico-sec and nano-sec laser pulses
Pandey, P. K., Gupta, S. L., Narayanan, V., & Thareja, R. K. (2012) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/1.3676617 · Cited by 9
Propagation of a Short Intense Laser Pulse in a Curved Plasma Channel
Reitsma, A. J. W., & Jaroszynski, D. A. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science · doi:10.1109/tps.2008.927148 · Cited by 9
Electron injection into laser wakefields by colliding circularly-polarized laser pulses
Wang, W., Sheng, Z. M., & Zhang, J. (2009) · Laser and Particle Beams · doi:10.1017/s0263034609000019 · Cited by 9
Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme
Wing, M. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0185 · Cited by 9
Raj, G., Kononenko, O., Doche, A., et al. (2020) · Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) · Cited by 9
Characterisation of a laser plasma betatron source for high resolution x-ray imaging
Finlay, O. J., Gruse, J.-N., Thornton, C., Allott, R. M., Armstrong, C., Baird, C. D., Bourgeois, N., Brenner, C. M., Cipiccia, S., Cole, J. M., et al. (2021) · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion · doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ac0fcf · Cited by 9
Electron acceleration by amplified wakefield generated by two copropagating laser pulses in plasma
Raj, G., Upadhyay, A. K., Mishra, R. K., et al. (2008) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.11.071301 · Cited by 9
Feature-Based Analysis of Plasma-Based Particle Acceleration Data
Rübel, O., Geddes, C. G. R., Chen, M., et al. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2013.107 · Cited by 9
Self-citationParticle acceleration by wave scattering off dielectric spheres at whispering-gallery-mode resonance
Żakowicz, W. (2007) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.10.101301 · Cited by 9
Betatron emission from relativistic electrons in a high intensity optical lattice
Andriyash, I. A., d’Humières, E., Tikhonchuk, V. T., et al. (2013) · Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevstab.16.100703 · Cited by 9
Guiding of charged particle beams in curved capillary-discharge waveguides
Pompili, R., Castorina, G., Ferrario, M., et al. (2018) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/1.5011964 · Cited by 9
Behm, K., Hussein, A., Zhao, T., Baggott, R. A., Cole, J. M., Hill, E. G., Krushelnick, K. M., Maksimchuk, A. M., Nees, J. A., Rose, S. J., et al. (2019) · High Energy Density Physics · doi:10.1016/j.hedp.2019.100729 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Geddes, C. G. R., Toth, C., van Tilborg, J., Esarey, E., Schroeder, C. B., Bruhwiler, D., Nieter, C., Cary, J., & Leemans, W. P.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Tech-X Corporation (United States) (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leemans, W. P.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 431
- Issue
- 7008
- Pages
- 538-541
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2035607724
- Cited by
- 2,001
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 94
- FWCI
- 54.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) (submittedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Keywords
- laser wakefield acceleration, electron beam, electron beam energy spread, beam emittance, plasma waves, radiation sources
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
