Cited by 256Astro and Planetary ScienceAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsPlanetary Science and Exploration

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Complex organic matter in Titan's atmospheric aerosols from in situ pyrolysis and analysis

Israël, G., Szopa, C., Raulin, F., Cabane, M., Niemann, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Bauer, S. J., Brun, J.-F., Chassefière, E., Coll, P., Condé, E., Coscia, D., Hauchecorne, A., Millian, P., Nguyen, M.-J., Owen, T., Riedler, W., Samuelson, R. E., Siguier, J.-M., Steller, M., Sternberg, R., Vidal-Madjar, C.·2005·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature04349

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Abstract

Aerosols in Titan's atmosphere play an important role in determining its thermal structure. They also serve as sinks for organic vapours and can act as condensation nuclei for the formation of clouds, where the condensation efficiency will depend on the chemical composition of the aerosols. So far, however, no direct information has been available on the chemical composition of these particles. Here we report an in situ chemical analysis of Titan's aerosols by pyrolysis at 600 degrees C. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) have been identified as the main pyrolysis products. This clearly shows that the aerosol particles include a solid organic refractory core. NH3 and HCN are gaseous chemical fingerprints of the complex organics that constitute this core, and their presence demonstrates that carbon and nitrogen are in the aerosols.

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Authors: Israël, G., Szopa, C., Raulin, F., Cabane, M., Niemann, H. B., Atreya, S. K., Bauer, S. J., Brun, J.-F., Chassefière, E., Coll, P., Condé, E., Coscia, D., Hauchecorne, A., Millian, P., Nguyen, M.-J., Owen, T., Riedler, W., Samuelson, R. E., Siguier, J.-M., Steller, M., Sternberg, R., & Vidal-Madjar, C.
Affiliations: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
University of Michigan (US)
University of Graz (AT)
Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR)
Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (FR)
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
Space Research Institute (AT)
University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
Corresponding author: Israël, G.
ORCID: Szopa, C.
Raulin, F.
Niemann, H. B.
Atreya, S. K.
Bauer, S. J.
Brun, J.-F.
Coll, P.
Condé, E.
Hauchecorne, A.
Siguier, J.-M.
Steller, M.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-11-30
Volume: 438
Issue: 7069
Pages: 796-799
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature04349
OpenAlex: W2101203985
Cited by: 256
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 6.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Office National d'études et de Recherches Aérospatiales
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Keywords: Titan, atmospheric aerosols, complex organic matter, in-situ pyrolysis, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, Huygens probe, cryovolcanism
MeSH terms: Aerosols, Ammonia, Atmosphere, Carbon, Extraterrestrial Environment, Gases, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen Cyanide, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Nitrogen, Organic Chemicals, Saturn

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Complex organic matter in Titan's atmospheric aerosols from in situ pyrolysis and analysis

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