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The delayed rise of present-day mammals
Abstract
Did the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event, by eliminating non-avian dinosaurs and most of the existing fauna, trigger the evolutionary radiation of present-day mammals? Here we construct, date and analyse a species-level phylogeny of nearly all extant Mammalia to bring a new perspective to this question. Our analyses of how extant lineages accumulated through time show that net per-lineage diversification rates barely changed across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Instead, these rates spiked significantly with the origins of the currently recognized placental superorders and orders approximately 93 million years ago, before falling and remaining low until accelerating again throughout the Eocene and Oligocene epochs. Our results show that the phylogenetic 'fuses' leading to the explosion of extant placental orders are not only very much longer than suspected previously, but also challenge the hypothesis that the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event had a major, direct influence on the diversification of today's mammals.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Cardillo, M., Jones, K. E., MacPhee, R. D. E., Beck, R. M. D., Grenyer, R., Price, S. A., Vos, R. A., Gittleman, J. L., & Purvis, A.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- Zoological Society of London (GB)
- American Museum of Natural History (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (GB)
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-03-29
- Volume
- 446
- Issue
- 7135
- Pages
- 507-512
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2036507321
- Cited by
- 2,082
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 133 · 2015: 145 · 2014: 148 · 2013: 151 · 2012: 171
- FWCI
- 118.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2008-11-13)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (cpb010001, NE/C517992/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Keywords
- mammalian diversification, end-Cretaceous mass extinction, Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, placental mammals, mammalian phylogeny, diversification rates, non-avian dinosaurs, molecular phylogeny, mammalian origins
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Fossils, Mammals, Models, Biological, Phylogeny, Time Factors, Dinosaurs, History, Ancient, Genetic Speciation, Extinction, Biological
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