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Topological surface states protected from backscattering by chiral spin texture
Open accessAbstract
Topological insulators are a new class of insulators in which a bulk gap for electronic excitations is generated because of the strong spin-orbit coupling inherent to these systems. These materials are distinguished from ordinary insulators by the presence of gapless metallic surface states, resembling chiral edge modes in quantum Hall systems, but with unconventional spin textures. A key predicted feature of such spin-textured boundary states is their insensitivity to spin-independent scattering, which is thought to protect them from backscattering and localization. Recently, experimental and theoretical efforts have provided strong evidence for the existence of both two- and three-dimensional classes of such topological insulator materials in semiconductor quantum well structures and several bismuth-based compounds, but so far experiments have not probed the sensitivity of these chiral states to scattering. Here we use scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to visualize the gapless surface states in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi(1-x)Sb(x), and examine in detail the influence of scattering from disorder caused by random alloying in this compound. We show that, despite strong atomic scale disorder, backscattering between states of opposite momentum and opposite spin is absent. Our observations demonstrate that the chiral nature of these states protects the spin of the carriers. These chiral states are therefore potentially useful for spin-based electronics, in which long spin coherence is critical, and also for quantum computing applications, where topological protection can enable fault-tolerant information processing.
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“The fact that the chiral two-dimensional states are indeed protected from spin-independent scattering was established by Roushan et.al. (20) by combining results from scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM/STS) and spinARPES on Bi 0 . 92 Sb 0 . 08 .”
From Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“The results show that despite strong atomic scale disorder and random potential, elastic-backscattering between states of opposite momentum and opposite spin is absent.”
From Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Most of the observed features in the interference pattern, including the extinction of wave vector ⃗ q 3 , have been recently well explained by a full theoretical treatment [27] based on the T-matrix approach for multiband systems [28].”
From Experimental Demonstration of Topological Surface States Protected by Time-Reversal Symmetry (2009) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“The helical spin texture has also been calculated from ab initio method[45] and already observed in the pioneering spinresolved APRES measurement[18].”
From Model Hamiltonian for topological insulators (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
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Negative terahertz photoconductivity in 2D layered materials
Lü, J., Liu, H., & Sun, J. (2017) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/aa8c28 · Cited by 29
A new exotic state in an old material: a tale of SmB6
Dzero, M., & Galitski, V. M. (2013) · Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1134/s1063776113110083 · Cited by 28
Dirac cone engineering in Bi 2 Se 3 thin films
Jin, H., Song, J. H., & Freeman, A. J. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.83.125319 · Cited by 28
Enhanced Mobility of Spin-Helical Dirac Fermions in Disordered 3D Topological Insulators
Dufouleur, J., Veyrat, L., Dassonneville, B., Nowka, C., Hampel, S., Leksin, P. V., Eichler, B., Schmidt, O. G., Büchner, B., & Giraud, R. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02060 · Cited by 28
Temperature-dependent magnetospectroscopy of HgTe quantum wells
Ikonnikov, A. V., Krishtopenko, S. S., Drachenko, O., Goiran, M., Zholudev, M. S., Платонов, В. В., Kudasov, Y. B., Korshunov, A. S., Maslov, D. A., Makarov, I. V., et al. (2016) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.94.155421 · Cited by 28
Observation of a topological insulator Dirac cone reshaped by non-magnetic impurity resonance
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Quantifying Many-Body Effects by High-Resolution Fourier Transform Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
Grothe, S., Johnston, S., Chi, S., Dosanjh, P., Burke, S. A., & Pennec, Y. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.246804 · Cited by 28
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Interplay between Forward and Backward Scattering of Spin–Orbit Split Surface States of Bi(111)
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Topological properties and functionalities in oxide thin films and interfaces
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Magneto-transport behaviour of Bi 2 Se 3− x Te x : role of disorder
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A metallic surface state with uniaxial spin polarization on Tl/Ge(111)-(1 × 1)
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Preparation of layered thin film samples for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
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Warping the cone on a Topological Insulator
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Roushan, P., Seo, J., Parker, C. V., Hor, Y. S., Hsieh, D., Qian, D., Richardella, A., Hasan, M. Z., Cava, R. J., & Yazdani, A.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yazdani, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 460
- Issue
- 7259
- Pages
- 1106-1109
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2080500375
- Cited by
- 1,052
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 102
- FWCI
- 44.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Magnetic properties of thin films
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Keywords
- topological insulators, chiral surface states, spin-orbit coupling, spin textures, Bi1-xSbx, spintronics, quantum Hall edge states, three-dimensional topological insulators, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, surface states
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