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Topological surface states protected from backscattering by chiral spin texture
Open accessAbstract
Topological insulators are a new class of insulators in which a bulk gap for electronic excitations is generated because of the strong spin-orbit coupling inherent to these systems. These materials are distinguished from ordinary insulators by the presence of gapless metallic surface states, resembling chiral edge modes in quantum Hall systems, but with unconventional spin textures. A key predicted feature of such spin-textured boundary states is their insensitivity to spin-independent scattering, which is thought to protect them from backscattering and localization. Recently, experimental and theoretical efforts have provided strong evidence for the existence of both two- and three-dimensional classes of such topological insulator materials in semiconductor quantum well structures and several bismuth-based compounds, but so far experiments have not probed the sensitivity of these chiral states to scattering. Here we use scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to visualize the gapless surface states in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi(1-x)Sb(x), and examine in detail the influence of scattering from disorder caused by random alloying in this compound. We show that, despite strong atomic scale disorder, backscattering between states of opposite momentum and opposite spin is absent. Our observations demonstrate that the chiral nature of these states protects the spin of the carriers. These chiral states are therefore potentially useful for spin-based electronics, in which long spin coherence is critical, and also for quantum computing applications, where topological protection can enable fault-tolerant information processing.
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“The fact that the chiral two-dimensional states are indeed protected from spin-independent scattering was established by Roushan et.al. (20) by combining results from scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STM/STS) and spinARPES on Bi 0 . 92 Sb 0 . 08 .”
From Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“The results show that despite strong atomic scale disorder and random potential, elastic-backscattering between states of opposite momentum and opposite spin is absent.”
From Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Most of the observed features in the interference pattern, including the extinction of wave vector ⃗ q 3 , have been recently well explained by a full theoretical treatment [27] based on the T-matrix approach for multiband systems [28].”
From Experimental Demonstration of Topological Surface States Protected by Time-Reversal Symmetry (2009) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“The helical spin texture has also been calculated from ab initio method[45] and already observed in the pioneering spinresolved APRES measurement[18].”
From Model Hamiltonian for topological insulators (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
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Gonçalves, P. H. R., Chagas, T., Nascimento, V. B., dos Reis, D. D., Parra, C., Mazzoni, M. S. C., Malachias, Â., & Magalhães-Paniago, R. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03172 · Cited by 13
Surface states in topological semimetal slab geometries
Benito-Matías, E., & Molina, R. A. (2019) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.075304 · Cited by 14
Penta-AlN2 monolayer: A ferromagnetic insulator
Wang, H., Fan, F., Zeng, T., & Chen, G. (2018) · Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.11.057 · Cited by 13
Hedayat, H., Bugini, D., Yi, H., Chen, C., Zhou, X., Cerullo, G., Dallera, C., & Carpene, E. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83848-z · Cited by 14
Anomalous second ferromagnetic phase transition in Co0.08Bi1.92Se3 topological insulator
Zhang, M., Liu, L., & Yang, H. Y. (2016) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.023 · Cited by 13
Chung, C., Lee, D., & Chao, S.-P. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.035116 · Cited by 12
Role of oxidation on surface conductance of the topological insulator Bi2Te2Se
Hwang, J. H., Park, J., Kwon, S., Kim, S., & Park, J. Y. (2014) · Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.susc.2014.08.005 · Cited by 12
Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling in Superconducting Junctions of β-Ag2Se Topological Insulator Nanowire
Kim, J., Kim, B.-K., Kim, H.-S., Hwang, A., Kim, B., & Doh, Y. (2017) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03571 · Cited by 12
Topological insulator ring with magnetic impurities
Vezvaee, A., Russo, A., Economou, S. E., & Barnes, E. (2018) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.98.035301 · Cited by 12
Sk, R., Mulani, I., & Deshpande, A. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06584 · Cited by 12
Topological insulator nanoribbons – A new paradigm for high thermoelectric performance
Wang, T., & Jeng, H. (2019) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104092 · Cited by 12
Gapped Dirac cones and spin texture in thin film topological insulator
Thalmeier, P., & Akbari, A. (2020) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033002 · Cited by 12
Wang, Z., Huang, C.-Y., Hsu, C.-H., Namiki, H., Chang, T., Chuang, F., Lin, H., Sasagawa, T., Madhavan, V., & Okada, Y. (2022) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.075110 · Cited by 12
Chung, P.-F., Venkatesan, B., Su, C.-C., Chang, J.-T., Kai-Cheng, H., Liu, C.-A., Yu, H., Chang, C.-S., Guan, S., & Chuang, T.-M. (2024) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/5.0189100 · Cited by 12
The tunneling density-of-states of interacting massless Dirac fermions
Principi, A., Polini, M., Asgari, R., & MacDonald, A. H. (2012) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2012.04.040 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Roushan, P., Seo, J., Parker, C. V., Hor, Y. S., Hsieh, D., Qian, D., Richardella, A., Hasan, M. Z., Cava, R. J., & Yazdani, A.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yazdani, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 460
- Issue
- 7259
- Pages
- 1106-1109
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2080500375
- Cited by
- 1,052
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 102
- FWCI
- 44.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Magnetic properties of thin films
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Keywords
- topological insulators, chiral surface states, spin-orbit coupling, spin textures, Bi1-xSbx, spintronics, quantum Hall edge states, three-dimensional topological insulators, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, surface states
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