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Synthetic magnetic fields for ultracold neutral atoms
Open accessAbstract
Neutral atomic Bose condensates and degenerate Fermi gases have been used to realize important many-body phenomena in their most simple and essential forms, without many of the complexities usually associated with material systems. However, the charge neutrality of these systems presents an apparent limitation-a wide range of intriguing phenomena arise from the Lorentz force for charged particles in a magnetic field, such as the fractional quantum Hall effect in two-dimensional electron systems. The limitation can be circumvented by exploiting the equivalence of the Lorentz force and the Coriolis force to create synthetic magnetic fields in rotating neutral systems. This was demonstrated by the appearance of quantized vortices in pioneering experiments on rotating quantum gases, a hallmark of superfluids or superconductors in a magnetic field. However, because of technical issues limiting the maximum rotation velocity, the metastable nature of the rotating state and the difficulty of applying stable rotating optical lattices, rotational approaches are not able to reach the large fields required for quantum Hall physics. Here we experimentally realize an optically synthesized magnetic field for ultracold neutral atoms, which is evident from the appearance of vortices in our Bose-Einstein condensate. Our approach uses a spatially dependent optical coupling between internal states of the atoms, yielding a Berry's phase sufficient to create large synthetic magnetic fields, and is not subject to the limitations of rotating systems. With a suitable lattice configuration, it should be possible to reach the quantum Hall regime, potentially enabling studies of topological quantum computation.
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“The most advanced experiments with AQSs have been with ultracold atoms in optical lattices [3, 5-15, 19, 71].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, Y.-J., Compton, R. L., Jiménez-García, K., Porto, J. V., & Spielman, I. B.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spielman, I. B.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 462
- Issue
- 7273
- Pages
- 628-632
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2035577930
- Cited by
- 1,318
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 103 · 2015: 120 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 127
- FWCI
- 48.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
- Keywords
- synthetic magnetic field, ultracold neutral atoms, Bose-Einstein condensate, Berry phase, optical lattices, quantum Hall effect, quantized vortices, topological quantum computation, degenerate Fermi gas, Lorentz force, Coriolis force, spin-orbit coupling, spin-1/2 atoms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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