The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon
Open accessAbstract
A single atom is the prototypical quantum system, and a natural candidate for a quantum bit, or qubit—the elementary unit of a quantum computer. Atoms have been successfully used to store and process quantum information in electromagnetic traps, as well as in diamond through the use of the nitrogen–vacancy-centre point defect. Solid-state electrical devices possess great potential to scale up such demonstrations from few-qubit control to larger-scale quantum processors. Coherent control of spin qubits has been achieved in lithographically defined double quantum dots in both GaAs (refs 3–5) and Si (ref. 6). However, it is a formidable challenge to combine the electrical measurement capabilities of engineered nanostructures with the benefits inherent in atomic spin qubits. Here we demonstrate the coherent manipulation of an individual electron spin qubit bound to a phosphorus donor atom in natural silicon, measured electrically via single-shot read-out. We use electron spin resonance to drive Rabi oscillations, and a Hahn echo pulse sequence reveals a spin coherence time exceeding 200 µs. This time should be even longer in isotopically enriched 28Si samples. Combined with a device architecture that is compatible with modern integrated circuit technology, the electron spin of a single phosphorus atom in silicon should be an excellent platform on which to build a scalable quantum computer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Elementary gates for quantum computation
Barenco, A., Bennett, C. H., Cleve, R., DiVincenzo, D. P., Margolus, N., Shor, P., Sleator, T., Smolin, J. A., & Weinfurter, H. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.52.3457 · Cited by 4,311
A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer
Kane, B. E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30156 · Cited by 3,779
Research works printed but not linked: 28
- Biercuk, M. J. et al. Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory. Nature 458, 996–1000 (2009) · DOI · Paper page
- van der Sar, T. et al. Decoherence-protected quantum gates for a hybrid solid-state spin register. Nature 484, 82–86 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
- Petta, J. R. et al. Coherent manipulation of coupled electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots. Science 309, 2180–2184 (2005) · DOI · Paper page
- Koppens, F. H. L. et al. Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot. Nature 442, 766–771 (2006) · DOI · Paper page
- Nowack, K. C., Koppens, F. H. L., Nazarov, Y. V. & Vandersypen, L. M. K. Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields. Science 318, 1430–1433 (2007) · DOI · Paper page
- Maune, B. M. et al. Coherent singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon-based double quantum dot. Nature 481, 344–347 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
- Elzerman, J. M. et al. Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot. Nature 430, 431–435 (2004) · DOI · Paper page
- Morello, A. et al. Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon. Nature 467, 687–691 (2010) · DOI · Paper page
- Simmons, C. B. et al. Tunable spin loading and T 1 of a silicon spin qubit measured by single-shot readout. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 156804 (2011) · DOI
- Ager, J. W. et al. High-purity, isotopically enriched bulk silicon. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, G448–G451 (2005) · DOI
- Tyryshkin, A. M. et al. Electron spin coherence exceeding seconds in high purity silicon. Nature Mater. 11, 143–147 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
- Morello, A. et al. Architecture for high-sensitivity single-shot readout and control of the electron spin of individual donors in silicon. Phys. Rev. B 80, 081307(R) (2009) · DOI
- Morton, J. J. L., McCamey, D. R., Eriksson, M. A. & Lyon, S. A. Embracing the quantum limit in silicon computing. Nature 479, 345–353 (2011) · DOI · Paper page
- Feher, G. & Gere, E. A. Electron spin resonance experiments on donors in silicon. II. Electron spin relaxation effects. Phys. Rev. 114, 1245–1256 (1959) · DOI · Paper page
- Bradbury, F. R. et al. Stark tuning of donor electron spins in silicon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 176404 (2006) · DOI
- Morton, J. J. L. et al. Solid-state quantum memory using the 31P nuclear spin. Nature 455, 1085–1088 (2008) · DOI · Paper page
- Jamieson, D. N. et al. Controlled shallow single-ion implantation in silicon using an active substrate for sub-20-keV ions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 202101 (2005) · DOI
- Fuechsle, M. et al. A single-atom transistor. Nature Nanotechnol. 7, 242–246 (2012) · DOI · Paper page
- Dehollain, J. P. et al. Nanoscale broadband transmission lines for spin qubit control. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.2421v1 (2012) · DOI
- Xiao, M., Martin, I., Yablonovitch, E. & Jiang, H. W. Electrical detection of the spin resonance of a single electron in a silicon field-effect transistor. Nature 430, 435–439 (2004) · DOI · Paper page
- Chiba, M. & Hirai, A. Electron spin echo decay behaviours of phosphorus doped silicon. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 33, 730–738 (1972) · doi:10.1143/jpsj.33.730
- Witzel, W. M. & Das Sarma, S. Quantum theory for electron spin decoherence induced by nuclear spin dynamics in semiconductor quantum computer architectures: Spectral diffusion of localized electron spins in the nuclear solid-state environment. Phys. Rev. B 74, 035322 (2006) · DOI · Paper page
- Schenkel, T. et al. Electrical activation and electron spin coherence of ultralow dose antimony implants in silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 112101 (2006) · DOI
- Tyryshkin, A. M. et al. Coherence of spin qubits in silicon. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18, S783–S794 (2006) · DOI
- Morello, A., Stamp, P. C. E. & Tupitsyn, I. S. Pairwise decoherence in coupled spin qubit networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 207206 (2006) · DOI
- Witzel, W. M., Carroll, M. S., Morello, A., Cywiński, Ł. & Das Sarma, S. Electron spin decoherence in isotope-enriched silicon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 187602 (2010) · DOI
- Tyryshkin, A. M. et al. Dynamical decoupling in the presence of realistic pulse errors. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.1903v2 (2010) · arXiv
- Hollenberg, L. C. L., Greentree, A. D., Fowler, A. G. & Wellard, C. J. Two-dimensional architectures for donor-based quantum computing. Phys. Rev. B 74, 045311 (2006) · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Hybrid quantum circuits: Superconducting circuits interacting with other quantum systems
Xiang, Z.-L., Ashhab, S., You, J. Q., & Nori, F. (2013) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.85.623 · Cited by 1,514
Catalysis by Supported Single Metal Atoms
Liu, J. (2017) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b01534 · Cited by 1,331
An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control-fidelity
Veldhorst, M., Hwang, J. C. C., Yang, C. H., Leenstra, A. W., de Ronde, B., Dehollain, J. P., Muhonen, J. T., Hudson, F. E., Itoh, K. M., Morello, A., et al. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.216 · Cited by 940
Self-citationA Survey on quantum computing technology
Gyongyosi, L., & Imre, S. (2019) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2018.11.002 · Cited by 646
Interfacing spin qubits in quantum dots and donors—hot, dense, and coherent
Vandersypen, L. M. K., Bluhm, H., Clarke, J. S., Dzurak, A. S., Ishihara, R., Morello, A., Reilly, D. J., Schreiber, L. R., & Veldhorst, M. (2017) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-017-0038-y · Cited by 624
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Pla, J. J., Tan, K. Y., Dehollain, J. P., Lim, W. H., Morton, J. J. L., Jamieson, D. N., Dzurak, A. S., & Morello, A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 489
- Issue
- 7417
- Pages
- 541-545
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1985342343
- Cited by
- 808
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 31.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nature11449
- The paper
- Pla, J. J., Tan, K. Y., Dehollain, J. P., Lim, W. H., Morton, J. J. L., Jamieson, D. N., Dzurak, A. S., & Morello, A. (2012). A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11449
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.