Cited by 1,206Nail Diseases and TreatmentsDermatology and Skin DiseasesMicrobial Community Ecology and Physiology

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Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin

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NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program, Findley, Keisha, Oh, Julia, Yang, Joy, Conlan, Sean, Deming, Clayton, Meyer, Jennifer A., Schoenfeld, Deborah, Nomicos, Effie, Park, Morgan, Kong, Heidi H., Segre, Julia A.·2013·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature12171PMC PMC3711185

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Abstract

Traditional culture-based methods have incompletely defined the microbial landscape of common recalcitrant human fungal skin diseases, including athlete's foot and toenail infections. Skin protects humans from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms and provides a home for diverse commensal microbiota. Bacterial genomic sequence data have generated novel hypotheses about species and community structures underlying human disorders. However, microbial diversity is not limited to bacteria; microorganisms such as fungi also have major roles in microbial community stability, human health and disease. Genomic methodologies to identify fungal species and communities have been limited compared with those that are available for bacteria. Fungal evolution can be reconstructed with phylogenetic markers, including ribosomal RNA gene regions and other highly conserved genes. Here we sequenced and analysed fungal communities of 14 skin sites in 10 healthy adults. Eleven core-body and arm sites were dominated by fungi of the genus Malassezia, with only species-level classifications revealing fungal-community composition differences between sites. By contrast, three foot sites--plantar heel, toenail and toe web--showed high fungal diversity. Concurrent analysis of bacterial and fungal communities demonstrated that physiologic attributes and topography of skin differentially shape these two microbial communities. These results provide a framework for future investigation of the contribution of interactions between pathogenic and commensal fungal and bacterial communities to the maintainenace of human health and to disease pathogenesis.

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Self-citation
Advances and Prospects in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis
Ji, W., Zhao, Z., Lin, X., Huang, W., Chen, Q., Chen, Y., Shi, L., Xu, C., & Chen, X. (2025) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/rcm39211 · Cited by 2

Authors: NIH Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program, Findley, K., Oh, J., Yang, J., Conlan, S., Deming, C., Meyer, J. A., Schoenfeld, D., Nomicos, E., Park, M., Kong, H. H., & Segre, J. A.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Kong, Heidi H.
Segre, Julia A.
ORCID: Oh, Julia
Yang, Joy
Conlan, Sean
Kong, Heidi H.
Segre, Julia A.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-05-22
Volume: 498
Issue: 7454
Pages: 367-370
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature12171
PMC: PMC3711185
OpenAlex: W2074335138
Cited by: 1,206
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 89 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 133 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 23
FWCI: 50.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Human Genome Research Institute (ZIAHG000180)
National Cancer Institute (ZIABC010938)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (4UH3 AR057504-02, 1UH2AR057504-01, 1K99AR059222)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Keywords: skin microbiome, fungal communities, bacterial communities, Malassezia, skin topography, tinea pedis, toenail infection, microbial community stability, commensal microbiota, fungal diversity
MeSH terms: Adult, Bacteria, District of Columbia, Female, Fungi, Health, Homeostasis, Humans, Malassezia, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Skin, Databases, Genetic, Biodiversity, Young Adult

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Topographic diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in human skin

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