The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coherent Raman spectro-imaging with laser frequency combs
Open accessAbstract
Advances in optical spectroscopy and microscopy have had a profound impact throughout the physical, chemical and biological sciences. One example is coherent Raman spectroscopy, a versatile technique interrogating vibrational transitions in molecules. It offers high spatial resolution and three-dimensional sectioning capabilities that make it a label-free tool for the non-destructive and chemically selective probing of complex systems. Indeed, single-colour Raman bands have been imaged in biological tissue at video rates by using ultra-short-pulse lasers. However, identifying multiple, and possibly unknown, molecules requires broad spectral bandwidth and high resolution. Moderate spectral spans combined with high-speed acquisition are now within reach using multichannel detection or frequency-swept laser beams. Laser frequency combs are finding increasing use for broadband molecular linear absorption spectroscopy. Here we show, by exploring their potential for nonlinear spectroscopy, that they can be harnessed for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy and spectro-imaging. The method uses two combs and can simultaneously measure, on the microsecond timescale, all spectral elements over a wide bandwidth and with high resolution on a single photodetector. Although the overall measurement time in our proof-of-principle experiments is limited by the waiting times between successive spectral acquisitions, this limitation can be overcome with further system development. We therefore expect that our approach of using laser frequency combs will not only enable new applications for nonlinear microscopy but also benefit other nonlinear spectroscopic techniques.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
Mukamel, S. (1995) · Cited by 4,640
Microresonator-Based Optical Frequency Combs
Kippenberg, T. J., Holzwarth, R., & Diddams, S. A. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1193968 · Cited by 2,159
Schließer, A., Picqué, N., & Hänsch, T. W. (2012) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.142 · Cited by 1,468
Self-citationChemical imaging of tissue in vivo with video-rate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
Evans, C. L., Potma, E. O., Puoris'haag, M., Côté, D., Lin, C. P., & Xie, X. S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508282102 · Cited by 957
Nobel Lecture: Passion for precision
Hänsch, T. W. (2006) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.78.1297 · Cited by 913
Self-citationVideo-Rate Molecular Imaging in Vivo with Stimulated Raman Scattering
Saar, B. G., Freudiger, C. W., Reichman, J. R., Stanley, C. M., Holtom, G. R., & Xie, X. S. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1197236 · Cited by 838
Coherent Multiheterodyne Spectroscopy Using Stabilized Optical Frequency Combs
Coddington, I. R., Swann, W. C., & Newbury, N. R. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.013902 · Cited by 821
Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb
Diddams, S. A., Hollberg, L. W., & Mbele, V. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05524 · Cited by 799
Serial time-encoded amplified imaging for real-time observation of fast dynamic phenomena
Goda, K., Tsia, K., & Jalali, B. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07980 · Cited by 753
Single-pulse coherently controlled nonlinear Raman spectroscopy and microscopy
Dudovich, N., Oron, D., & Silberberg, Y. R. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00933 · Cited by 732
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Cheng J. X., Xie X. S., eds. Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy (CRC Press, 2012)
- Boyd, R. W. Nonlinear Optics 3rd edn, Ch. 10.3 (Academic, 2008)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–475 of 475
Yoon, W., Choi, Y., Kang, D., Bang, K.-C., & Jeong, K. (2018) · Proceedings of the World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology · doi:10.11159/icnnfc18.126
Use of Lock-in Detection in Dual-Comb Spectroscopy
Koresawa, H., Shibuya, K., Asahara, A., Minamikawa, T., Minoshima, K., & Yasui, T. (2018) · OSA Light, Energy and the Environment Congress · doi:10.1364/fts.2018.jt2a.26
Waveform digitizer based lock in amplifier using GPU digital signal processing
Castonguay, A., Deterre, R., & Khalid, M. (2019) · doi:10.1117/12.2508012
Nürnberg, J., Alfieri, C. G. E., Waldburger, D., Golling, M., & Keller, U. (2019) · Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) · doi:10.1117/12.2513209
Combination of Lock-in Detection with Dual-Comb Spectroscopy
Koresawa, H., Shlbuya, K., Asahara, A., Minamikawa, T., Minoshima, K., & Yasui, T. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.23919/cleo.2019.8749430
Attenuated Total Reflectance Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of an Organic Liquid-Phase Chemical Reaction
Herman, D. I., Waxman, E. M., Ycas, G. G., Giorgetta, F. R., Newbury, N. R., & Coddington, I. R. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.23919/cleo.2019.8749963
Multiphoton Microscope with a Rapid Broadband CARS Modality
Sinjab, F., Hashimoto, K., Badarla, V. R., Nagashima, Y., & Ideguchi, T. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) · doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8872300
Self-citationHan, N. S., Kim, J., Yoon, T. H., & Cho, M. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.05179
6-octave UV to MIR frequency comb driven by a <10 fs Er:fiber laser
Lesko, D., Timmers, H. R., Xing, S., Kowligy, A. S., Lind, A. J., Zawilski, K. T., Schunemann, P. G., & Diddams, S. A. (2020) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sw4n.7
Dual-Comb Hyperspectral Imaging with a High-Framerate Infrared Detector Array
Voumard, T., Wildi, T., Brasch, V., Gutierrez-Alvarez, R., Vergara, G., & Herr, T. (2020) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sth3f.4
Minoshima, K. (2018) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.46.7_356
Frequency Comb Spectroscopy: Stop or Go?
Picqué, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Optics · doi:10.1364/ls.2020.ltu4a.1
Self-citationTutorial for analyzing coherent Raman spectra excited with chirped femtosecond sources
Santiago, G. G., Villanueva-Luna, A. E., Licea‐Rodriguez, J., & Rocha‐Mendoza, I. (2021) · OSA Continuum · doi:10.1364/osac.412667
High-speed hyperspectral four-wave-mixing microscopy with frequency combs
Smith, B. C., Lomsadze, B., & Cundiff, S. T. (2021) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.428172
Zhang, Y., Lu, M., Wu, T., Li, Y., & Wei, H. (2021) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2021.am3e.6
Electronic Fingerprint Spectroscopy
Bernhardt, B. (2021) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2021.sm4n.4
Self-citationSpectroscopic Imaging Using a Supercontinuum Light Source
Kano, H., Yoneyama, H., Fujisawa, R., & Iwamura, T. (2019) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.47.2_94
Towards a Dual-Comb Spectrometer on a Photonic Chip
Picqué, N. (2021) · OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021 (AIS, FTS, HISE, SENSORS, ES) · doi:10.1364/es.2021.eth2a.1
Self-citationYang, H., Zhang, S., Yang, W., Zhao, H., Dong, M., Jiao, W., & Ge, J. (2021) · IEEE Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC) · doi:10.1109/ogc52961.2021.9654288
Vasa, P. R., & Mathur, D. (2016) · Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39614-9_11
Attenuated Total Reflectance Dual-Comb Spectroscopy of an Organic Liquid-Phase Chemical Reaction
Herman, D. I., Waxman, E. M., Ycas, G. G., Giorgetta, F. R., Newbury, N. R., & Coddington, I. R. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2019.sm2n.3
Combination of Lock-in Detection with Dual-Comb Spectroscopy
Koresawa, H., Shibuya, K., Asahara, A., Minamikawa, T., Minoshima, K., & Yasui, T. (2019) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jth2a.101
Combination of lock-in detection with dual-comb spectroscopy
Koresawa, H., Shibuya, K., Minamikawa, T., Asahara, A., Minoshima, K., & Yasui, T. (2019) · Photonic Instrumentation Engineering · doi:10.1117/12.2509619
Fourier transform spectroscopy with laser frequency combs
Picqué, N. (2015) · Fourier Transform Spectroscopy/ Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment · doi:10.1364/fts.2015.ft2a.1
Self-citationDual-Comb Digital Holography at Fast Sampling Rate
Guillemot, L., Vicentini, E., Hänsch, T. W., & Picqué, N. (2022) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2022.ss1a.3
Self-citationFlöry, T., Stummer, V., Pupeikis, J., Willenberg, B., Barkauskas, M., Phillips, C. R., Keller, U., Pugzlys, A., & Baltuška, A. (2022) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2022.sm3f.2
Flöry, T., Stummer, V., Pupeikis, J., Willenberg, B., Phillips, C. R., Keller, U., Pugzlys, A., & Baltuška, A. (2022) · International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena · doi:10.1364/up.2022.th2a.5
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0004
Basics of ultrafast spectroscopy
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0001
New trends in multidimensional coherent spectroscopy
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0012
Frequency comb-based multidimensional coherent spectroscopy
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0006
Two-dimensional spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum dots
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0009
Two-dimensional spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum wells
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0007
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.002.0008
Three-dimensional coherent spectroscopy
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0008
Multidimensional coherent spectroscopy of atomic ensembles
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0005
Introduction to multidimensional coherent spectroscopy
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0002
Other applications of multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy in Physics
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0011
Two-dimensional spectroscopy of atomically thin 2D materials
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0010
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.002.0004
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.002.0003
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.002.0005
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.002.0007
Interpretation of multidimensional coherent spectra
Li, H., Lomsadze, B., Moody, G., Smallwood, C. L., & Cundiff, S. T. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.003.0003
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192843869.002.0010
Titanium:sapphire-on-insulator microresonator laser
Yang, J. S., Lukin, D. M., Guidry, M. A., Ahn, G. H., Gasse, K. V., & Jelena Vuckovic, A. (2023) · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sf1k.2
Monroy, L., Magnus, J. H., González‐Herráez, M., Naranjo, F. B., & Kieu, K. Q. (2023) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.6579
Photo-luminochromism of organic crystals arising from subtle molecular rearrangementPreprint
Yuan, W. Z., Zhao, Z., Cai, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, A., Zhu, T., & Chen, X. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3416827/v1
High-speed hyperspectral microscopy using a quantum cascade laser dual-comb spectrometer
Herman, D. I., Turner, G. A., Li, M., Razumtcev, A. A., Mangold, M., & Simpson, G. J. (2023) · Optica Sensing Congress · doi:10.1364/ais.2023.jth3a.2
Generation of Soliton Microcomb at O-band in Chip Scale Microresonators via Pump Modulation
Ding, X., Sun, S., & Guo, H. (2023) · IEEE Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC) · doi:10.1109/ogc59456.2023.10314595
Measurement of absorption spectroscopy enabled by a polarization-multiplexed dual-comb laser
Zhang, C., Wang, G., Sun, J., Fu, B., & Xu, L. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) · doi:10.1109/ist59124.2023.10355701
Development and Application of a Multimodal Coherent Raman Scattering Microscope
Allen, C. H. (2024) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2024-15880
Mantsevich, S. N., & Kostyleva, E. I. (2024) · Optics and Photonics for Advanced Dimensional Metrology · doi:10.1117/12.3022272
Titanium:Sapphire-on-insulator tunable chip-scale laser
Yang, J. S., Gasse, K. V., Lukin, D. M., Guidry, M. A., Ahn, G. H., White, A. D., & Jelena Vuckovic, A. (2024) · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sw3o.1
Ideguchi, T. (2024) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) · doi:10.1109/cleo-pr60912.2024.10676658
Self-citationScanning dual-comb spectroscopic microscopy for multidimensional optical information acquisition
Kajiwara, S., Okabe, T., Bekku, S., Nakano, S., Ootani, K., Hase, E., Mitsumoto, R., Yoshii, K., Yasui, T., & Minamikawa, T. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.546291
Qiran, 谢. X., Yongqi, 李. L., & Shun, 吴. W. (2024) · ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA · doi:10.3788/gzxb20245312.1214002
Digitally controlled optical sampling in dual-comb spectroscopy
Lomsadze, B., Illing, L. A., & Junes, R. (2025) · Optics Continuum · doi:10.1364/optcon.549207
Yang, X., Li, M., Rao, B., Chen, X., Hu, Z., Zhang, P., Dong, R., & Zhang, S. (2025) · OptoElectronics and Communications Conference and International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (OECC/PSC) · doi:10.23919/oecc/psc62146.2025.11109959
Pinto, S., Hagelberg, F., Passian, A., & Yi, X. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/f65n-nkc1
Ideguchi, T. (2014) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.42.9_695
Self-citationPhase-Dependent Squeezing in Dual-Comb Interferometry
Herman, D. I., Kreider, M. K., Lordi, N., Walsh, M., Tsao, E., Lind, A. J., Heyrich, M., Combes, J., Diddams, S. A., & Genest, J. (2026) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/31w7-69c8
Nakajima, Y., Yumoto, T., Kubota, K., UCHIYAMA, T., & Kokuyama, W. (2023) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.51.1_17
Dual-Comb Angle Measurement Using Optical Vortices
Asahara, A., & Minoshima, K. (2024) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.52.7_336
Optical Microscopy Using Optical-Frequency-Comb
MINAMIKAWA, T. (2024) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.52.7_326
Spectral resolution enhancement of time-stretched CARS based on ESPCN
Long, Y., Hu, Z., Shah, S. S., Qiu, G., Man, Z., Li, J., Liu, J., Li, G., & KangWen, Y. A. N. G. (2026) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2026.133151
Wang, S., Gu, C., Luo, D., He, S., Zhang, M., Li, X., Liu, X., Liu, C., Wang, J., Zhu, Z., et al. (2026) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.586727
Ultrafast low-frequency vibrational imaging
Shivkumar, S. (2022) · doi:10.70675/1f9b8d12z82f9z4bd7za522z409c4f82152d
Broadband Coherent Raman Scattering: Excitation Architectures and Operating Regimes
Ackermann, R., Koch, T., Lippoldt, T., Gabler, T., & Nolte, S. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31071207
Ochoa, H. G., Ramírez-Meléndez, G., Hernandez, J., & Gómez, E. (2026) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/ae5fa6
Wenting, 王. W., Ziyi, 董. D., Zhilei, 周. Z., Langlang, 张. Z., Yongmin, 卢. L., & Ninghua, 祝. Z. (2026) · Infrared and Laser Engineering · doi:10.3788/irla20250381
Yang, Q., Shen, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, L., & 李兵斌 (2026) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500340.2026.2702398
Quantum-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Imaging: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering with Squeezed Light
Pinto, S., Hagelberg, F., Passian, A., & Yi, X. (2026) · doi:10.1364/cleo_fs.2026.ftu2c.6
Photothermal‐Detected Time‐Domain Stimulated Raman Scattering
Guo, J., Zhang, H., Wang, J., & Xiong, H. (2026) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.71958
Metadata
- Authors
- Ideguchi, T., Holzner, S., Bernhardt, B., Guelachvili, G., Picqué, N., & Hänsch, T. W.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Picqué, Nathalie
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2013-10-16
- Volume
- 502
- Issue
- 7471
- Pages
- 355-358
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2074049639
- Cited by
- 475
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 20.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Keywords
- coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, laser frequency combs, label-free molecular imaging, nonlinear optical microscopy
- MeSH terms
- Lasers, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Time Factors, Vibration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review