The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Eight per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons from a compact, star-forming dwarf galaxy
Open accessAbstract
One of the key questions in observational cosmology is the identification of the sources responsible for ionization of the Universe after the cosmic ‘Dark Ages’, when the baryonic matter was neutral. The currently identified distant galaxies are insufficient to fully reionize the Universe by redshift z ≈ 6 (refs 1, 2, 3), but low-mass, star-forming galaxies are thought to be responsible for the bulk of the ionizing radiation. As direct observations at high redshift are difficult for a variety of reasons, one solution is to identify local proxies of this galaxy population. Starburst galaxies at low redshifts, however, generally are opaque to Lyman continuum photons. Small escape fractions of about 1 to 3 per cent, insufficient to ionize much surrounding gas, have been detected only in three low-redshift galaxies. Here we report far-ultraviolet observations of the nearby low-mass star-forming galaxy J0925+1403. The galaxy is leaking ionizing radiation with an escape fraction of about 8 per cent. The total number of photons emitted during the starburst phase is sufficient to ionize intergalactic medium material that is about 40 times as massive as the stellar mass of the galaxy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
Cardelli, J. A., Clayton, G. C., & Mathis, J. S. (1989) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/167900 · Cited by 11,795
The Luminosity Function and Stellar Evolution.
Salpeter, E. E. (1955) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/145971 · Cited by 8,697
On the variation of the initial mass function
Kroupa, P. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x · Cited by 7,499
STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE
Kennicutt, R. C. (1998) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.189 · Cited by 6,578
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., et al. (2014) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321591 · Cited by 6,521
Classification parameters for the emission-line spectra of extragalactic objects
Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R. (1981) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/130766 · Cited by 5,132
Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation
Leitherer, C., Schaerer, D., Goldader, J. D., Delgado, R. M. G., Robert, C., Kune, D. F., de Mello, D. F., Devost, D., & Heckman, T. M. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/313233 · Cited by 4,126
Self-citationStar Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
Kennicutt, R. C., & Words, K. (1998) · Cited by 3,712
Girardi, L., Bressan, A., Bertelli, G., & Chiosi, C. (2000) · Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series · doi:10.1051/aas:2000126 · Cited by 2,553
Stellar masses and star formation histories for 105galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., Simon White, D. M., Charlot, S., Tremonti, C., Brinchmann, J., Bruzual, G., Peng, E. W., Seibert, M., Bernardi, M., et al. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06291.x · Cited by 2,417
Cited by
Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with a Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction
Finkelstein, S. L., D’Aloisio, A., Paardekooper, J.-P., Ryan, R., Jr., Behroozi, P., Finlator, K., Livermore, R., Sanderbeck, P. R. U., Vecchia, C. D., & Khochfar, S. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1ea8 · Cited by 348
Metadata
- Authors
- Izotov, Y. I., Orlitová, I., Schaerer, D., Thuan, T. X., Verhamme, A., Guseva, N. G., & Worseck, G.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-01-13
- Volume
- 529
- Issue
- 7585
- Pages
- 178-180
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2236059440
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 18.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Eight per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons from a compact, star-forming dwarf galaxy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nature16456
- The paper
- Izotov, Y. I., Orlitová, I., Schaerer, D., Thuan, T. X., Verhamme, A., Guseva, N. G., & Worseck, G. (2016). Eight per cent leakage of Lyman continuum photons from a compact, star-forming dwarf galaxy. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16456
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.