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3D structures of individual mammalian genomes studied by single-cell Hi-C
Open accessAbstract
The folding of genomic DNA from the beads-on-a-string-like structure of nucleosomes into higher-order assemblies is crucially linked to nuclear processes. Here we calculate 3D structures of entire mammalian genomes using data from a new chromosome conformation capture procedure that allows us to first image and then process single cells. The technique enables genome folding to be examined at a scale of less than 100 kb, and chromosome structures to be validated. The structures of individual topological-associated domains and loops vary substantially from cell to cell. By contrast, A and B compartments, lamina-associated domains and active enhancers and promoters are organized in a consistent way on a genome-wide basis in every cell, suggesting that they could drive chromosome and genome folding. By studying genes regulated by pluripotency factor and nucleosome remodelling deacetylase (NuRD), we illustrate how the determination of single-cell genome structure provides a new approach for investigating biological processes.
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“In regard to chromatin structure, Stevens and colleagues reported that the combination of chromosome conformation capture (3C) and tagged fluorescent imaging was able to detect the folding of a genomic sequence <100bp in a single cell (303).”
From Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma (2019) · cites this paper as [303]
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“Currently, single-cell Hi-C studies confirm the presence of TADs in individual cells but demonstrate significant variability in their shape (i.e., in the folding of DNA within TADs) [142,143,144,145].”
From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [144]
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Citations
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Items 201–300 of 840
Bayesian Estimation of Three-Dimensional Chromosomal Structure from Single-Cell Hi-C Data
Rosenthal, M., Bryner, D., Huffer, F., Evans, S. A., Srivastava, A., & Neretti, N. (2019) · Journal of Computational Biology · doi:10.1089/cmb.2019.0100 · Cited by 49
“We applied SIMBA3D to the reconstruction of chromosome structures from single-cell Hi-C data from mESC (Stevens et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialShi, G., & Thirumalai, D. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11897-0 · Cited by 48
The macro and micro of chromosome conformation capture
Goel, V. Y., & Hansen, A. S. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology · doi:10.1002/wdev.395 · Cited by 48
“…3C-based methods, scHi-C has proven instrumental in distilling cell-to-cell structural heterogeneity, identifying rare cellular subpopulations, and understanding how different levels of organization interact (Nagano et al., 2013; Stevens et al., 2017; Ulianov, Tachibana-Konwalski, & Razin, 2017).”
The 3D Genome: From Structure to Function
Mohanta, T. K., Mishra, A. K., & Al‐Harrasi, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111585 · Cited by 51
“Chromosome folding is crucial for regulating proper gene expression and function, and it is a dynamic process that varies widely throughout the cell cycle [141,142].”
BackgroundEntering the Next Dimension: Plant Genomes in 3D
Sotelo-Silveira, M., Montes, R. A. C., Sotelo-Silveira, J. R., Marsch‐Martínez, N., & de Folter, S. (2018) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2018.03.014 · Cited by 45
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“Recent advancements of Hi-C have made it possible to explore the 3D organization of the entire genome in individual cell nuclei as well, although at the cost of a strongly reduced number of 3D contact sites detected in individual cell nuclei compared with Hi-C of cell populations [24, 58].”
BackgroundChromatin Loop Extrusion and Chromatin Unknotting
Račko, D., Benedetti, F., Goundaroulis, D., & Stasiak, A. (2018) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym10101126 · Cited by 43
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“or NANOG, highlighting the role of KLF4 in the establishment of the 3D chromatin landscape [66].”
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“Single-cell Hi-C performed in mammals also showed that the structure of individual TADs varies from cell to cell, whereas active and inactive compartments are seen in every cell (Stevens et al. 2017; Tan et al. 2018).”
BackgroundRadial Organization in the Mammalian Nucleus
Crosetto, N., & Bienko, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00033 · Cited by 50
Chromatin interactome mapping at 139 independent breast cancer risk signals
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The Rabl configuration limits topological entanglement of chromosomes in budding yeast
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The Stochastic Genome and Its Role in Gene ExpressionPreprint
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Conserved chromatin and repetitive patterns reveal slow genome evolution in frogs
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“Such features are becoming increasingly well characterized [39], and a simulator capable of modelling these features would surely be valuable.”
Heterochromatin drives organization of conventional and inverted nucleiPreprint
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“org B was associated with the silent expression regions such as nuclear lamina and nucleolar (48, 49).”
BackgroundOpportunities and Challenges in Advancing Plant Research with Single-cell Omics
Rhaman, M. S., Ali, M., Ye, W., & Li, B. (2024) · Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/gpbjnl/qzae026 · Cited by 45
“Recent research has enhanced single-cell Hi-C resolution and provided solid proof of heterogeneity within cells [109].”
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“…this limitation, several algorithms have been devised for reconstructing the 3D genome structure of both haploid and diploid cells from single-cell contact maps 37,41,42 , providing insights into the radial organization of genomic loci 43 , chromosome compaction 37 and multiway interactions.”
Are There Knots in Chromosomes?
Siebert, J. T., Kivel, A., Atkinson, L. P., Stevens, T. J., Laue, E. D., & Virnau, P. (2017) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym9080317 · Cited by 39
“Our results were generated by analyzing the 3D structures of the individual genomes of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells calculated previously [48].”
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“demonstrated that a certain TAD adopts a number of spatial conformations in thecellpopulation [29],weshowthat thecontactclusterprofile is not fully conserved across the analyzed cells.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChromosome topology guides the Drosophila Dosage Compensation Complex for target gene activation
Schauer, T., Ghavi-Helm, Y., Sexton, T., Albig, C., Regnard, C., Cavalli, G., Furlong, E. E. M., & Becker, P. B. (2017) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201744292 · Cited by 46
“Multi-plexed FISH experiments and more recent Hi-C data on haploid single cells revealed that A and B compartments clearly segregate from each other in nuclear space [12,15].”
The 4D Nucleome: Genome Compartmentalization in an Evolutionary Context
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Analysis of the structural variability of topologically associated domains as revealed by Hi-C
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“Reconstruction of 3D paths of high-order chromatin fibers in individual cells also evidenced the scarcity of long-range entanglements (Siebert et al., 2017, Stevens et al , 2017; Sulkowska et al , 2018).”
QuASAR: Quality Assessment of Spatial Arrangement Reproducibility in Hi-C DataPreprint
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“Other groups have pre-screened samples using fragment size profiles as an indication of Hi-C library quality prior to sequencing [12, 13].”
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Understanding and Engineering Chromatin as a Dynamical System across Length and Timescales
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Self-citationSingle‐cell imaging of genome organization and dynamics
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DeTOKI identifies and characterizes the dynamics of chromatin TAD-like domains in a single cell
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A Mediator-cohesin axis controls heterochromatin domain formation
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“These data are consistent with theoretical projections from models based on single-cell Hi-C (Stevens et al., 2017).”
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Computational methods for analyzing and modeling genome structure and organization
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“In the context of modeling single-cell haploid Hi-C data, the consensus assumption is more justifiable and has been used to provide 3D visualization of the Hi-C data (Nagano et al., 2017; Stevens et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodChromatin Is Frequently Unknotted at the Megabase Scale
Goundaroulis, D., Aiden, E. L., & Stasiak, A. (2019) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.002 · Cited by 35
“However, the apparent paucity of chromatin knots concluded from single-cell Hi-C data may be the consequence of unavoidable low resolution of the single-cell Hi-C approach that currently does not exceed 100 kb (21).”
BackgroundA comparison of topologically associating domain callers over mammals at high resolution
Sefer, E. (2022) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-022-04674-2 · Cited by 37
“…general found to be highly conserved, relatively stable across cell types and species [1, 24], even though such notion that TADs are highly conserved across cell types has been questioned recently [25, 26] including single cell studies showing extensive variability in TAD-like structures [27–30].”
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“Recently, however, single-cell Hi-C of haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) has produced 3D structures of whole genomes (modelled as 100 kb particles), thus revealing realistic spatial snapshots of folded genome conformations for individual nuclei [36, 38, 39].”
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Liu, N.-Q., Magnitov, M. D., Schijns, M. M. G. A., van Schaik, T., van der Weide, R. H., Teunissen, H., van Steensel, B., & de Wit, E. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.08.27.457977 · Cited by 34
“Each individual chromosome is further segregated into active (A) and inactive (B) compartments (Lieberman-Aiden et al., 2009; Simonis et al., 2006; Stevens et al., 2017).”
BackgroundNuclear mechanotransduction in stem cells
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The Nucleome Data Bank: web-based resources to simulate and analyze the three-dimensional genome
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“Unlike folded proteins which have relatively small but non-negligible fluctuation, chromosomes have highly heterogeneous architecture and must be represented by ensembles of structures as opposed to one single, average structure (19–21).”
BackgroundLive-cell three-dimensional single-molecule tracking reveals modulation of enhancer dynamics by NuRD
Basu, S., Shukron, O., Hall, D., Parutto, P., Ponjavic, A., Shah, D., Boucher, W., Lando, D., Zhang, W., Reynolds, N., et al. (2023) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-023-01095-4 · Cited by 44
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Self-citation3D genome folding in epigenetic regulation and cellular memory
Paldi, F., & Cavalli, G. (2025) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2025.03.001 · Cited by 34
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“Another single cell study concluded that, though structures of individual TADs and chromosome loops vary substantially from cell to cell, the higher order organizational signatures like the A/B compartments are mostly retained [15, 52].”
BackgroundSingle-Cell RNA Sequencing-Based Computational Analysis to Describe Disease Heterogeneity
Zeng, T., & Dai, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00629 · Cited by 33
“Cell-specific transcriptional signals might be regulated by the high-order structural folding of nucleosomes (Nagano et al., 2017; Lando et al., 2018), which can be investigated by combining scRNA-seq with other single-cell approaches (Stevens et al., 2017; Liu T. et al., 2018; Mezger et al., 2018).”
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“Recently, single-cell Hi-C experiments confirmed variable cell-to-cell chromosome structures suggested by microscopy studies, with individual contacts at the megabase scale rarely surpassing TAD boundaries (Stevens et al. 2017; Nagano et al. 2013, 2017).”
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Stable H3K4me3 is associated with transcription initiation during early embryo development
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Transcriptional supercoiling boosts topoisomerase II-mediated knotting of intracellular DNA
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“In this respect, since interphase chromatin has a scaling behavior not dissimilar to that of a fractal globule (50,51), there is very little intermingling and so possible entanglements of DNA across topologically associating domains (TADs) and other high-order folds of chromatin (52,53).”
BackgroundHigh-resolution single-cell 3D-models of chromatin ensembles during Drosophila embryogenesis
Sun, Q., Perez-Rathke, A., Czajkowsky, D. M., Shao, Z., & Liang, J. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20490-9 · Cited by 33
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“Single-cell sequencing studies showed that the TADs identified from population averaged Hi-C maps do not form in every cell [28, 29].”
BackgroundMolecular Dynamics simulations of the Strings and Binders Switch model of chromatin
Annunziatella, C., Chiariello, A. M., Esposito, A., Bianco, S., Fiorillo, L., & Nicodemi, M. (2018) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.02.024 · Cited by 30
SCL: a lattice-based approach to infer 3D chromosome structures from single-cell Hi-C data
Zhu, H., & Wang, Z. (2019) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz181 · Cited by 31
Three-dimensional chromatin organization in cardiac development and disease
Bertero, A., & Rosa‐Garrido, M. (2020) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.008 · Cited by 32
Olfactory receptor choice: a case study for gene regulation in a multi-enhancer system
Pourmorady, A., & Lomvardas, S. (2021) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2021.11.003 · Cited by 32
ProbC: joint modeling of epigenome and transcriptome effects in 3D genome
Sefer, E. (2022) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-022-08498-5 · Cited by 32
Cell type–specific 3D-genome organization and transcription regulation in the brain
Liu, S., Wang, C. Y., Zheng, P., Jia, B. B., Zemke, N. R., Ren, P., Park, H. L., Ren, B., & Zhuang, X. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adv2067 · Cited by 34
Micro‐Topographies Induce Epigenetic Reprogramming and Quiescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Vermeulen, S., Puyvelde, B. V., del Barrio, L. B., Almey, R., van der Veer, B. K., Deforce, D. L. D., Dhaenens, M., & de Boer, J. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202203880 · Cited by 29
Lindsay, R. J., Pham, B., Shen, T., & McCord, R. P. (2018) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky604 · Cited by 30
Transcription organizes euchromatin similar to an active microemulsionPreprint
Hilbert, L., Sato, Y., Kimurâ, H., Jülicher, F., Honigmann, A., Zaburdaev, V., & Vastenhouw, N. L. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/234112 · Cited by 31
Végh, P., & Haniffa, M. A. (2018) · Briefings in Functional Genomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/ely003 · Cited by 28
“identification (DamID) [9] or single-cell combinatorial indexed Hi-C (sciHi-C), which captures chromosome conformation [10, 11].”
BackgroundGenome-in-a-Box: Building a Chromosome from the Bottom Up
Birnie, A., & Dekker, C. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c07397 · Cited by 30
Ling, X., Liu, X., Jiang, S., Fan, L., & Ding, J. (2022) · Cell Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s13619-022-00145-4 · Cited by 29
“Megakaryocyteerythrocyte progenitor cells and granulocytes display obvious centromere clustering and telomere clustering resembling Rabl configuration, in which centromeres are clustered at one pole of the nucleus and telomeres are clustered on the opposite side during the interphase (Cowan et al. 2001; Duan et al. 20…”
BackgroundLando, D., Ma, X., Cao, Y., Jartseva, A., Stevens, T. J., Boucher, W., Reynolds, N., Montibus, B., Hall, D., Lackner, A., et al. (2024) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.015 · Cited by 26
“Single-nucleus Hi-C processing and library preparation were carried out as previously described 14,19 using the haploid mouse ES line containing the Rex1-destabilised GFP reporter.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationChromaFold predicts the 3D contact map from single-cell chromatin accessibility
Gao, V. R., Yang, R., Das, A., Luo, R., Luo, H., McNally, D. R., Karagiannidis, I., Rivas, M. A., Wang, Z.-M., Barišić, D., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53628-0 · Cited by 29
Extrusion fountains are restricted by WAPL-dependent cohesin release and CTCF barriers
Liu, N. Q., Magnitov, M. D., Schijns, M. M. G. A., van Schaik, T., Teunissen, H., van Steensel, B., & de Wit, E. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf549 · Cited by 33
Real-time visualization of chromatin modification in isolated nuclei
Sardo, L., Lin, A. M., Khakhina, S., Beckman, L., Ricon, L., Elbezanti, W. O., Jaison, T., Vishwasrao, H. D., Shroff, H., Janetopoulos, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.205823 · Cited by 27
“Biochemical assays coupled with next-generation sequencing have been used to analyze chromatin organization in detail (Belton et al., 2012; Dekker et al., 2013; Dixon et al., 2012; Gómez-Díaz and Corces, 2014; Lieberman-Aiden et al., 2009; Risca et al., 2017; Simonis et al., 2007; Stevens et al., 2017).”
MethodGenome organization in immune cells: unique challenges
Johanson, T. M., Chan, W. F., Keenan, C. R., & Allan, R. S. (2019) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0155-2 · Cited by 28
Ye, Y., Gao, L., & Zhang, S. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkz201 · Cited by 27
“For examples, single cell Hi-C maps provide an opportunity to study the conservation and heterogeneity from cell to cell, revealing more granular cellular functions and biological processes in cell cycle (43,44).”
BackgroundNavigating the crowd: visualizing coordination between genome dynamics, structure, and transcription
Shaban, H. A., Barth, R., & Bystricky, K. (2020) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-020-02185-y · Cited by 28
Spatial Organization of Chromatin: Transcriptional Control of Adaptive Immune Cell Development
Pongubala, J. M. R., & Murre, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.633825 · Cited by 29
“Although the single-cell Hi-C analysis corroborated the existence of large-scale chromatin compartments – permissive and repressive compartments, the self-interacting domains (TADs) were found to vary from cell-tocell (72, 77).”
BackgroundBansal, K., Michelson, D. A., Ramírez, R. N., Viny, A. D., Levine, R. L., Benoist, C. O., & Mathis, D. J. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2110991118 · Cited by 26
Deciphering the molecular mechanism of the cancer formation by chromosome structural dynamics
Chu, X., & Wang, J. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009596 · Cited by 23
3D genome organization in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition spectrum
Pang, Q. Y., Tan, T. Z., Sundararajan, V., Chiu, Y.-C., Chee, E. Y. W., Chung, V. Y., Choolani, M. A., & Huang, R. Y. (2022) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-022-02687-x · Cited by 27
“The single-cell Hi-C libraries were mapped, processed, and filtered according to NucProcess [57], for subsequent 3D genome structure model analysis.”
MethodResultDynamic 3D genome reorganization during development and metabolic stress of the porcine liver
Chen, L., Li, J., Yuan, R., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Lin, Y., Wang, L., Zhu, X., Zhu, W., Bai, J., et al. (2022) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00416-z · Cited by 31
Epigenetic Regulation of Transition Among Different Pluripotent States: Concise Review
Geng, T., Zhang, D.-H., & Jiang, W. (2019) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.3064 · Cited by 26
Fundamental limits on dynamic inference from single cell snapshots
Weinreb, C., Wolock, S., Tusi, B. K., Socolovsky, M., & Klein, A. M. (2017) · doi:10.1101/170118 · Cited by 27
Blank spots on the map: some current questions on nuclear organization and genome architecture
Adriaens, C., Serebryannyy, L., Feric, M., Schibler, A., Meaburn, K. J., Kubben, N., Trzaskoma, P., Shachar, S., Vidak, S., Finn, E. H., et al. (2018) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-018-1726-1 · Cited by 30
Organelle size scaling over embryonic development
Wesley, C. C., Mishra, S., & Levy, D. L. (2020) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology · doi:10.1002/wdev.376 · Cited by 27
“…new approaches to image 3D chromatin organization and transcription in embryos (Bothma, Norstad, Alamos, & Garcia, 2018; Cardozo Gizzi et al., 2019; Y. Chen et al., 2018; Stevens et al., 2017) and to manipulate the positions of specific genomic loci (H. Wang et al., 2018; Wijchers et al., 2016).”
BackgroundBonora, G., Ramani, V., Singh, R., Fang, H., Jackson, D. L., Srivatsan, S. R., Qiu, R., Lee, C., Trapnell, C., Shendure, J., et al. (2021) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02432-w · Cited by 26
Epigenetic Regulations in Mammalian Cells: Roles and Profiling Techniques
Kim, U., & Lee, D.-S. (2023) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2023.0013 · Cited by 27
Diploid genome architecture revealed by multi-omic data of hybrid micePreprint
Han, Z., Cui, K., Placek, K., Hong, N., Lin, C., Chen, W., Zhao, K., & Jin, W. (2020) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.257568.119 · Cited by 26
“Previous studies have provided rich information about the dynamics of chromatin status and histone modification during the early gamete and embryo development (Liu et al. 2016; Lu et al. 2016; Jung et al. 2017; Nagano et al. 2017; Stevens et al. 2017).”
BackgroundDiffDomain enables identification of structurally reorganized topologically associating domains
Hua, D., Gu, M., Zhang, X., Du, Y., Xie, H., Qi, L., Du, X., Bai, Z., Zhu, X., & Tian, D. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44782-6 · Cited by 24
ChromoGen: Diffusion model predicts single-cell chromatin conformations
Schuette, G., Lao, Z., & Zhang, B. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr8265 · Cited by 27
“Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and imaging technologies have substantially improved our ability to investigate genome organization in individual cells ( 7 – 11 ).”
Finding Friends in the Crowd: Three-Dimensional Cliques of Topological Genomic Domains
Collas, P., Ali, T. M. L., Brunet, A., & Germier, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00602 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Stevens, T. J., Lando, D., Basu, S., Atkinson, L. P., Cao, Y., Lee, S. F., Leeb, M., Wohlfahrt, K. J., Boucher, W., O’Shaughnessy-Kirwan, A., Cramard, J., Faure, A. J., Ralser, M., Blanco, E., Morey, L., Sansó, M., Palayret, M. G. S., Lehner, B., Di Croce, L., Wutz, A., Hendrich, B., Klenerman, D., & Laue, E. D.
- Affiliations
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute (GB)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (ES)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Laue, Ernest D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-03-13
- Volume
- 544
- Issue
- 7648
- Pages
- 59-64
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5385134
- OpenAlex
- W2597274540
- Cited by
- 832
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 58
- FWCI
- 41.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (082010/Z/07/Z, 277899, 206291/Z/17/Z, 082010)
- Medical Research Council (MR/M010082/1, MC_PC_12009, MR/P019471/1)
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- 3D genome organization, single-cell Hi-C, chromosome conformation capture, topologically associating domains, chromatin looping, lamina-associated domains, mouse embryonic stem cells, cell-to-cell variability, pluripotency factors, nucleosome remodeling, nuclear organization
- MeSH terms
- Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, CCCTC-Binding Factor, Cohesins, Animals, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, DNA, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Haploidy, Models, Molecular, Molecular Conformation, Nucleosomes, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Repressor Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, G1 Phase, Genome, Cell Cycle Proteins, Chromosomes, Mammalian, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Mice, Gene Regulatory Networks, Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex, Molecular Imaging, Single-Cell Analysis
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