The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash
Open accessAbstract
The human body carries vast communities of microbes that provide many benefits. Our microbiome is complex and challenging to understand, but evolutionary theory provides a universal framework with which to analyse its biology and health impacts. Here we argue that to understand a given microbiome feature, such as colonization resistance, host nutrition or immune development, we must consider how hosts and symbionts evolve. Symbionts commonly evolve to compete within the host ecosystem, while hosts evolve to keep the ecosystem on a leash. We suggest that the health benefits of the microbiome should be understood, and studied, as an interplay between microbial competition and host control.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Jones, J. D. G., & Dangl, J. L. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05286 · Cited by 13,177
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726
Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota
Lozupone, C. A., Stombaugh, J. I., Gordon, J. I., Jansson, J. K., & Knight, R. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11550 · Cited by 5,533
The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic T reg Cell Homeostasis
Smith, P. M., Howitt, M. R., Panikov, N., Michaud, M., Gallini, C. A., Bohlooly-Y, M., Glickman, J. N., & Garrett, W. S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241165 · Cited by 5,413
The Effect of Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Metagenomic Analysis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ridaura, V. K., Faith, J. J., Rey, F. E., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2009) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000322 · Cited by 3,058
An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System
Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.007 · Cited by 2,910
The Long-Term Stability of the Human Gut Microbiota
Faith, J. J., Guruge, J. L., Charbonneau, M., Subramanian, S., Seedorf, H., Goodman, A. L., Clemente, J. C., Knight, R., Heath, A. C., Leibel, R. L., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1237439 · Cited by 2,058
Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile
Buffie, C. G., Bucci, V., Stein, R. R., McKenney, P. T., Ling, L., Gobourne, A., No, D., Liu, H., Kinnebrew, M., Viale, A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13828 · Cited by 1,872
Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life
Bokulich, N. A., Chung, J., Battaglia, T., Henderson, N., Jay, M., Li, H., D. Lieber, A., Wu, F., Perez-Perez, G. I., Chen, Y., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad7121 · Cited by 1,469
Proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome
Imhann, F., Bonder, M. J., Vich Vila, A., Fu, J., Mujagic, Z., Vork, L., Tigchelaar, E. F., Jankipersadsing, S. A., Cenit, M. C., Harmsen, H. J. M., et al. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310376 · Cited by 1,371
Cited by
The microbiome and human cancer
Sepich-Poore, G. D., Zitvogel, L., Straussman, R., Hasty, J., Wargo, J. A., & Knight, R. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc4552 · Cited by 1,332
Enterotypes in the landscape of gut microbial community composition
Costea, P. I., Hildebrand, F., Arumugam, M., Bäckhed, F., Blaser, M. J., Bushman, F. D., de Vos, W. M., Ehrlich, S. D., Fraser, C. M., Hattori, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-017-0072-8 · Cited by 1,138
The gut microbiota is associated with immune cell dynamics in humans
Schluter, J., Peled, J. U., Taylor, B. P., Markey, K. A., Smith, M., Taur, Y., Niehus, R., Staffas, A., Dai, A., Fontana, E., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2971-8 · Cited by 601
Self-citationThe gut microbiota influences anticancer immunosurveillance and general health
Routy, B., Gopalakrishnan, V., Daillère, R., Zitvogel, L., Wargo, J. A., & Kroemer, G. (2018) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0006-2 · Cited by 523
Deciphering functional redundancy in the human microbiome
Tian, L., Wang, X.-W., Wu, A.-K., Fan, Y., Friedman, J., Dahlin, A., Waldor, M. K., Weinstock, G. M., Weiss, S. T., & Liu, Y.-Y. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19940-1 · Cited by 380
Metadata
- Authors
- Foster, K. R., Schluter, J., Coyte, K. Z., & Rakoff-Nahoum, S.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-08-03
- Volume
- 548
- Issue
- 7665
- Pages
- 43-51
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2741961591
- Cited by
- 935
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 27.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nature23292
- The paper
- Foster, K. R., Schluter, J., Coyte, K. Z., & Rakoff-Nahoum, S. (2017). The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23292
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
