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Observation of a many-body dynamical phase transition with a 53-qubit quantum simulator
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A quantum simulator is a type of quantum computer that controls the interactions between quantum bits (or qubits) in a way that can be mapped to certain quantum many-body problems. As it becomes possible to exert more control over larger numbers of qubits, such simulators will be able to tackle a wider range of problems, such as materials design and molecular modelling, with the ultimate limit being a universal quantum computer that can solve general classes of hard problems. Here we use a quantum simulator composed of up to 53 qubits to study non-equilibrium dynamics in the transverse-field Ising model with long-range interactions. We observe a dynamical phase transition after a sudden change of the Hamiltonian, in a regime in which conventional statistical mechanics does not apply. The qubits are represented by the spins of trapped ions, which can be prepared in various initial pure states. We apply a global long-range Ising interaction with controllable strength and range, and measure each individual qubit with an efficiency of nearly 99 per cent. Such high efficiency means that arbitrary many-body correlations between qubits can be measured in a single shot, enabling the dynamical phase transition to be probed directly and revealing computationally intractable features that rely on the long-range interactions and high connectivity between qubits.
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“Analog quantum simulators have been getting notably more sophisticated, and are already being employed to study quantum dynamics in regimes which may be beyond the reach of classical simulators [51, 52].”
From Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond (2018) · cites this paper as [52]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, J., Pagano, G., Hess, P. W., Kyprianidis, A., Becker, P., Kaplan, H., Gorshkov, A. V., Gong, Z.-X., & Monroe, C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-11-30
- Volume
- 551
- Issue
- 7682
- Pages
- 601-604
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6506159
- OpenAlex
- W2744305830
- Semantic Scholar
- c0a03980f716165b71587b2e20a02af7e17abe69
- Cited by
- 1,079
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 163 · 2019: 139 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 53.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Keywords
- quantum simulation, trapped-ion quantum simulator, transverse-field Ising model, long-range interactions, nonequilibrium dynamics, single-shot measurement, many-body correlations, quantum computing
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